Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers …

1 Designation: F 436M 93 (Reapproved 2000)METRICS tandard Specification forHardened Steel Washers [Metric]1 This Standard is issued under the fixed designation F 436M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or Standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, anddimensional requirements for metric Hardened Steel washersfor use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters M12through M100. These Washers are intended for general-purposemechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and otherinternally and externally threaded fasteners.

2 These Washers aresuitable for use with fasteners covered in SpecificationsA 325M, A 490M, A 563M and with fasteners of SpecificationF 568 property classes and The types of Washers covered in this specification 1 Washers made of carbon 3 Washers made of Steel having atmosphericcorrosion resistance and weathering characteristics comparableto that of steels covered in Specifications A 242/A 242M,A 588/A 588M, and A 709. The atmospheric corrosion resis-tance of these steels is substantially better than that of carbonsteel with or without copper addition. See When properlyexposed to the atmosphere, these steels can be used bare(uncoated) for many The styles of Washers covered in this specification Washers Circular Washers in nominal sizes12 mm through 100 mm, are suitable for applications wheresufficient space exists and angularity Washers Beveled Washers are square andrectangular, in nominal sizes 12 mm through 36 mm, with abeveled 1:6 surface for use with American Standard beams Washers Clipped Washers are circular orbeveled for use where space limitations necessitate that oneside be This specification is the metric counterpart of SpecificationF Referenced Standards.

3 A 153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron andSteel Hardware2A 242/A 242M Specification for High-Strength Low-AlloyStructural Steel3A 325M Specification for High-Strength Bolts for Struc-tural Steel Joints [Metric]4A 490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts,Classes and , for Structural Steel Joints [Met-ric]4A 563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts[Metric]4A 588/A 588M Specification for High-Strength Low-AlloyStructural Steel with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum YieldPoint to 4 in. [100 mm] Thick3A 709 Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges3A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel Products5B 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and Steel6D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging7F 568 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel ExternallyThreaded Metric Fasteners4F 606M Test Methods for Determining the MechanicalProperties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers , and Rivets [Metric]4G 101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric CorrosionResistance of Low-Alloy Standard .

4 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets, and edition approved Feb. 15, 1993. Published April 1993. Originallypublished as F 436M 83. Last previous edition F 436M Book of ASTM Standards, Vol Book of ASTM Standards, Vol Book of ASTM Standards, Vol Book of ASTM Standards, Vols , , , , , Book of ASTM Standards, Vol Book of ASTM Standards, Vol Book of ASTM Standards, Vol ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United : This Standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued. Contact ASTM International ( ) for the latest information. B Metric Beveled Washers93.

5 Ordering Orders for Washers under this specification shall includethe Quantity, Name of product, (that is, circular washer, beveledwasher, clipped circular washer, or clipped beveled washer), Coating, if required (that is, hot-dip galvanized, me-chanically galvanized, etc.), When galvanized Washers are specified, the type ofgalvanizing, such as hot-dip or mechanical (see and ), When the type of galvanizing is not specified, themanufacturer, at his option, may furnish hot-dip or mechani-cally galvanized Washers , Dimensions, nominal size, and other dimensions, ifmodified from those covered in this specification, Material type of washer (that is, Type 1 or Type 3), When the type is not specified, either Type 1 or Type3 Washers may be supplied when permitted by the When atmospheric corrosion resistance is required,Type 3 Washers shall be specified by the Surface roughness control (see S1), ASTM designation and year of issue, Any special Two examples of ordering descriptions follow.

6 (1) 1000pieces, circular Washers , hot-dip galvanized, 24 mm, Type 1 ASTM F436M, dated _____. (2) 5000 pieces, beveled Washers , 22 mm, Type 3,ASTM, F 436M, dated Materials and Steel used in the manufacture of Washers shall beproduced by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or All Washers in nominal sizes 12 through 36 mm, shall bethrough-quenched-and-tempered. Washers in nominal sizeslarger than 36 mm may be either through-quenched-and-tempered or carburized, quenched-and-tempered at the manu-facturer s Hot-dip galvanized Washers shall be hot-dip galvanizedin accordance with the requirements for Class C of Specifica-tion A 153. Mechanically galvanized Washers shall be me-chanically zinc-coated, and the coating and coated washersshall conform to the requirements for Class 50 of SpecificationB If Washers are heat treated by a subcontractor, they shallbe returned to the manufacturer for testing prior to shipment tothe Chemical Type 1 and Type 3 Washers shall conform to thechemical composition requirements specified in Table 1.

7 ForType 3 see Guide G 101 for methods of estimating corrosionresistance of low alloy Product analysis may be made by the purchaser fromfinished material representing each lot of Washers . The chemi-cal composition shall conform to the requirements of Individual heats of Steel are not identified in the Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A Mechanical Through-quenched-and-tempered Washers shall have aRockwell hardness of 38 to 45 HRC, except when hot-dipgalvanized, in which case they shall have a Rockwell hardnessof 26 to 45 Carburized, quenched-and-tempered Washers shall becarburized to a minimum depth of mm and shall have aRockwell hardness of 69 to 73 When mechanically galvanized, Washers shall have thesame hardness range as noncoated Dimensions and Circular and clipped circular Washers shall conform todimensions given in Table 2.

8 All dimensions apply prior toplating or The axis of the inside hole shall be located at trueposition with respect to the axis of the washer circumferencewithin a tolerance zone having a diameter of mm forwashers of nominal sizes 16 mm and smaller and mm forwashers of nominal sizes 20 mm and Washers shall be flat within mm/mm As a result of the punching process, the inside diam-eter of the washer generally consists of three distinct the punch entry side of the washer there is some drawing inof the material resulting in a rounded corner section, followingwhich is a substantially parallel section, and finally at the exitside a tapered breakout may occur (see Fig. 1). The parallelsided section of the washer inside diameter shall be within the9 Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,13th Floor, New York, NY 1 Chemical RequirementsElementComposition, %Type 1 Type 3 APhosphorus, maxHeat , maxHeat analysis.

9 Analysis.. analysis.. analysis.. analysis.. analysis.. analysis.. analysis.. 3 Steel Washers may also be manufactured from any of the steels listedin Table 2 of Specification F 436M 93 (2000)2 NOTICE: This Standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued. Contact ASTM International ( ) for the latest information. limits specified in Table 2, however, the specified maximuminside diameter may be exceeded at the washer face on thebreakout side by a maximum taper allowance of 25 % of thespecified maximum washer thickness for each Beveled Washers shall conform to dimensions in accor-dance with ANSI Clipped beveled Washers shall conform to dimensionsfor beveled Washers in accordance with ANSI , exceptthat one edge may be clipped off not closer than timesthe washer nominal size from the center of the Workmanship, Finish, and Washers shall be free of excess mill scale, excesscoatings, and foreign material on bearing surfaces.

10 Arc and gascut Washers shall be free of metal Sampling and Number of Tests and The requirements of this specification shall be met incontinuous mass production for stock, and the manufacturershall make sample inspections to ensure that the productconforms to the specified requirements. Additional tests ofindividual shipments of material are not ordinarily When specified in the purchase order, the manufacturershall furnish a test report certified to be the last complete set ofmechanical tests for each stock size in each When the purchaser requires that additional tests beperformed by the manufacturer to determine that the propertiesof products in an individual shipment are within specifiedlimits, the purchaser shall specify the testing requirements,including the sampling plan and basis of acceptance, in theinquiry and purchase When the purchaser does not specify the samplingplan and basis of acceptance the conditions in shall The lot, for purposes of selecting samples.