Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive …

1 Designation: D 2266 01An American National StandardStandard Test Method forWear Preventive characteristics of lubricating grease (Four-Ball Method )1 This Standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2266; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or test Method has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 6514 of Federal Test Method Standard No. This test Method covers the determination of the wearpreventive characteristics of greases in sliding steel-on-steelapplications.

2 It is not intended to predict wear characteristicswith metal combinations other than steel-on-steel or to evaluatethe extreme pressure characteristics of the The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard except where the test apparatus or consumable partsare only available in other units. In such cases, these will beregarded as Standard . The values given in parentheses are forinformation Standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to Referenced Standards:D 4172 Test Method for wear Preventive characteristics ofLubricating Fluid (Four-Ball Method )2D 6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and BiasData for Use in Test methods for Petroleum Products for Metal Balls43.

3 There are no terms in this test Method that require newor other than dictionary Summary of Test Three1 2in. ( ) diameter steel balls are clampedtogether and covered with the lubricant to be evaluated. Afourth1 2in. diameter steel ball, referred to as the top ball, ispressed with a force of 40 kgf (392 N) into the cavity formedby the three clamped balls for three-point contact. The tem-perature of the lubricating grease specimen is regulated at 75 C(167 F) and then the top ball is rotated at 1200 rpm for 60 are compared by using the average size of the scardiameters worn on the three lower clamped Because of differences in the construction of the variousmachines on which the four-ball test can be made, the manufacturer sinstructions should be consulted for proper machine setup and Although the test can be run under other test parameters.

4 Theprecision noted in Section 11 can vary when testing with other than testparameters listed in Section Significance and The four-ball wear -test Method can be used to determinethe relative wear -preventing properties of greases under the testconditions and if the test conditions are changed the relativeratings may be different. No correlation has been establishedbetween the four-ball wear test and field service. The testmethod cannot be used to differentiate between ExtremePressure (EP) and Non-Extreme Pressure (Non-EP) wear -Tester and Accessories See Fig. 1 andFig. It is important to distinguish between the Four-Ball EP Testerand the Four-Ball wear Tester. The Four-Ball EP Tester is designed fortesting under heavier loads and more severe conditions; it lacks thesensitivity necessary for performing four-ball wear ,7capable of measuring the diameters of thescars produced on the three stationary balls to an accuracy of1 This test Method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of on lubricating edition approved Dec.

5 10, 2001. Published February 2002. Originallypublished as D 2266 64 T. Last previous edition D 2266 91 (1996).2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol Book of ASTM Standards, Vol from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4thFloor, New York, NY details on this test Method may be found in: Stallings, L., et al.,NLGIS pokesman, Vol 31, No. 11, February 1968, pp. 396 Four-Ball wear Test Machine, available from Falex Corp., 1020 AirparkDrive, Sugar Grove, IL 60554 has been found satisfactory for this purpose. Thiscompany can also furnish a microscope with a special base to measure the wearscars without removing the balls from the test-oil cup. Discontinued models of theFour-Ball wear Test Machine made by Precision Scientific Co.

6 And Roxana MachineWorks are also Corp. Microscope F-1519-31 has been found suitable for this measures directly to mm and by interpolation to mm. A higherresolution version, F-1519-31A, measures to ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Wed Feb 7 08:29:23 EST 2007 Downloaded/printed byMary M Osward (Emerson AFFILIATION Cuming Microwave) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions mm. It is more efficient to measure the scars withoutremoving the three balls from the Reagents and Balls8, chrome alloy steel, made from AISI standardsteel No. E-52100, with diameter of in. ( mm), Grade25 EP (Extra Polish).

7 Such balls are described in ANSIS pecifications B , for Metal Balls. The Extra-Polish finishis not described in that specification. The Rockwell C hardnessshall be 64 to 66, a closer limit than is found in the Steel balls meeting this description were used in developingthe precision of the Fluidsfor preparing balls and apparatus forthe test should be those capable of removing metal preservativecoating from the balls, eliminating carryover effects from onetest to the next. The cleaning fluid selected should be non-film-forming and not contribute to the wear or antiwear propertiesof the test lubricant. (for example, chlorinated solvents shouldnot be used.)8. Test The test shall be conducted under the following condi-tions:Temperature7562 C (16764 F)Speed1200660 rpmDuration6061 kgf (39262N)NOTE5 Although the test can be run under other conditions, theprecision limits described in Section 11 apply only to tests conductedunder the conditions described in Section Preparation of Set up the drive of the test machine to obtain a spindlespeed of 1200660 Set the temperature controller to maintain a test tem-perature of 7562 C [16764 F].

8 When an automatic timer is used to terminate a test, itshould be checked for the required61 min. accuracy at 60min. elapsed The loading mechanism must be balanced to a zeroreading with all parts and test grease in place. To demonstrateproper precision, an addition or subtraction of kgf ( N)should be detectable in imbalance. Determination of accuracyof loading at 40 kgf (392 N) is difficult and generally is limitedto careful measurement of lever-arm ratios and weights withdead-weight loading apparatus or piston diameter and calibra-tion of pressure gage with pneumatic loading Thoroughly clean four test balls, clamping parts for theupper and lower balls and the oil cup using a cleaning fluid orfluids selected in Ultrasonic vibration can be used to assistthe cleaning process.

9 Wipe the parts using a fresh (unused)lint-free industrial wipe. After cleaning, handle all parts usinga fresh wipe. No trace of cleaning fluid should remain when thetest oil is introduced and the machine Insert one of the clean test balls into the ball the ball chuck into spindle of the test machine andtighten according to the equipment manufacture s Insertion of the ball into the ball chuck should requiremoderate force and result in an audible snap as the test ball enters the ballchuck. The ball should be free from any movement. If the ball rotates ormoves within the ball chuck, replace the ball Place a small amount of the grease in the ball cupsufficient to fill the void space between the three balls to beinserted and the bottom of the ball cup.

10 Insert the three testballs in the ball cup and lock the balls in position by handtightening the locknut into the ball cup using the wrenchsupplied by the equipment Hand tightening has been found to be between and m (25 to 50 lb ft.). Coat the test balls located in the ball chuck and ball cupcompletely and thoroughly with the test grease and then fill theball cup with grease and level off with the top surface of balls meeting this description were used in developing the precision of thetest. They are available from the manufacturer of the test machine and some ballmanufacturers. Some operators prefer to check a new box of balls by running an oilor a lubricating grease with a known reference.