Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under …

1 Designation: D3966 07. Standard Test Methods for deep Foundations Under lateral load1 . This Standard is issued Under the fixed designation D3966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A. superscript epsilon ( ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope* recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences The test Methods described in this Standard measure the indicate mandatory provisions. lateral deflection of a vertical or inclined deep foundation when A qualified geotechnical engineer should interpret the subjected to lateral loading.

2 These Methods apply to all deep test results obtained from the procedures of these test Methods Foundations , referred to herein as pile(s), that function in a so as to predict the actual performance and adequacy of piles manner similar to driven piles or cast in place piles, regardless used in the constructed foundation. See Appendix X1 for of their method of installation, and may be used for testing comments regarding some of the factors influencing the single piles or pile groups. The test results may not represent interpretation of test results. the long-term performance of a deep foundation. A qualified engineer shall design and approve all load- These test Methods provide minimum requirements for ing apparatus, loaded members, support frames, and test testing deep Foundations Under lateral load.

3 Plans, specifica- procedures. The text of these test Methods references notes and tions, provisions, or combinations thereof prepared by a footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular considered as requirements of the test Methods . These test test program. The engineer in responsible charge of the Methods also include illustrations and appendices intended foundation design, referred to herein as the engineer, shall only for explanatory or advisory use.

4 Approve any deviations, deletions, or additions to the require- The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units ments of these test Methods . are to be regarded separately as Standard . The values stated in These test Methods allow the following test procedures: each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each Procedure Test Section system shall be used independently of the other. Combining A Standard Loading values from the two systems may result in non-conformance B Excess Loading (optional) with the Standard . C Cyclic Loading (optional) D Surge Loading (optional) The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used E Reverse Loading (optional) when dealing with inch-pound units.

5 In this system, the pound F Reciprocal Loading (optional) (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass G Specified lateral Movement (optional) H Combined Loading (optional) is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved. Apparatus and procedures herein designated optional All observed and calculated values shall conform to the may produce different test results and may be used only when guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in approved by the engineer. The word shall indicates a Practice D6026. mandatory provision, and the word should indicates a The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in these test Methods is not directly 1.

6 These test Methods are Under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee on deep design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results Foundations . obtained using this Standard is beyond its scope. Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D3966 90 (1995). ASTM International takes no position respecting the which was withdrawn in December 2003 and reinstated in September 2007. DOI: validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this Standard .

7 Users of this Standard are *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this Standard . Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sat Apr 2 09:10:05 EDT 2011. 1. Downloaded/printed by Ali Qazaz () pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized. D3966 07. expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such or rock well below the ground surface, such as a steel pipe pile patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are or concrete drilled shaft. entirely their own responsibility.

8 Driven pile, n a deep foundation unit made of pre- This Standard does not purport to address all of the formed material with a predetermined shape and size and safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the typically installed by impact hammering, vibrating, or pushing. responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appro- failure load, n for the purpose of terminating a priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- lateral load test, the test load at which continuing, progressive bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. movement occurs, or as specified by the engineer. wireline, n a steel wire mounted with a constant 2.

9 Referenced Documents tension force between two supports and used as a reference line ASTM standards :2 to read a scale indicating movement of the test pile. A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium- 4. Significance and Use Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Field tests provide the most reliable relationship be- Vessels and for General Applications tween the lateral load applied to a deep foundation and the A572/A572M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy resulting lateral movement. Test results may also provide Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel information used to assess the distribution of lateral resistance D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained along the pile shaft and the long-term load-deflection behavior.

10 Fluids A foundation designer may evaluate the test results to deter- D1143 Test Method for Piles Under Static Axial Compres- mine if, after applying an appropriate factor of safety, the pile sive Load3 or pile group has an ultimate lateral capacity and a deflection D3689 Test Methods for deep Foundations Under Static at service load satisfactory to satisfy specific foundation Axial Tensile Load requirements. When performed as part of a multiple-pile test D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies program, the designer may also use the results to assess the Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as viability of different piling types and the variability of the test Used in Engineering Design and Construction site.