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1 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICASTATS SADemographic Profile of Adolescents in South AfricaReport 03-00-10 THE SOUTH AFRICA I KNOW, THE HOME I UNDERSTAND Demographic Profile of Adolescents in South Africa Statistics South Africa Risenga Maluleke Statistician-General Report No. 03-00-10 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA ii Demographic Profile of Adolescents in South Africa Report: 03-00-10 Demographic Profile of Adolescents in South Africa / Statistics South Africa Published by Statistics South Africa, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001 Statistics South Africa, 2018 Users may apply or process this data, provided Statistics South Africa ( STATS SA) is acknowledged as the original source of the data; that it is specified that the application and/or analysis is the result of the user's independent processing of the data; and that neither the basic data nor any reprocessed version or application thereof may be sold or offered for sale in any form whatsoever without prior permission from STATS SA.

2 STATS SA Library Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) Data Demographic Profile of Adolescents in South Africa / Statistics South Africa, Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2018 Report number 03-00-10 71pp ISBN: 978-0-621-46054-4 A complete set of STATS SA publications is available at STATS SA Library and the following libraries: National Library of South Africa, Pretoria Division National Library of South Africa, cape Town Division Library of Parliament, cape Town Bloemfontein Public Library Natal Society Library, Pietermaritzburg Johannesburg Public Library Eastern cape Library Services, King William's Town Central Regional Library, Polokwane Central Reference Library, Mbombela Central Reference Collection, Kimberley Central Reference Library, Mmabatho This report is available on the STATS SA website: Technical Enquiries Email: STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA iii Demographic Profile of Adolescents in South Africa Report: 03-00-10 Preface The National Development Plan (NDP) Vision 2030, amongst other frameworks, emphasise harnessing of the demographic dividend through investments in the youth population.

3 It is the goal of this report to provide an analysis on the state of the adolescent population in South Africa with specific reference to its age and sex composition, fertility, mortality and migration. Information from this thematic report used data from Censuses 1996, 2001 and 2011, Community Survey 2016, Mortality and Causes of Death 2015, and the General Household Survey 2016. Risenga Maluleke Statistician-GeneralSTATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA iv Demographic Profile of Adolescents in South Africa Report: 03-00-10 Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .. ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .. x ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .. xii DEFINITIONS OF TERMS .. xiii CHAPTER 1: ADOLESCENT COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE .. 14 Overview .. 14 Adolescents composition and 16 Size and distribution of the adolescent population in South Africa .. 16 Percentage of adolescents 10 19 years by province, 2016.

4 17 Percentage of adolescents 10 19 by population group and place of residence .. 18 Percentage change in the adolescent population in South Africa .. 19 Historical trends of the adolescent population .. 20 Median age and sex ratio of the adolescent population .. 21 Summary of findings .. 22 CHAPTER 2: ADOLESCENT FERTILITY .. 23 Introduction .. 23 Data and methods .. 24 Results .. 25 Motherhood by age, CS 2016 and SADHS 2016 .. 25 Trends in adolescent birth rate, 1996 2016 .. 26 Adolescent birth rate by population group and province, Census 2001 and Census 2011 .. 27 Contribution of adolescent birth rate to total fertility, Census 2001 and Census 2011 .. 28 Distribution of subpopulations according to adolescent birth rate and contribution of adolescent birth rate to total fertility, 2011 .. 29 Marriage as a risk factor for adolescent childbearing, Census 2001, Census 2011 and CS 2016.

5 30 Motherhood and education, CS 2016 .. 30 Summary of findings .. 31 CHAPTER 3: ADOLESCENT MORTALITY .. 32 Introduction .. 32 Data and methods .. 33 Results .. 34 Proportion of adolescent deaths reported by households from censuses and surveys, 2001 2016 .. 34 Adolescent death rates .. 38 Mortality and causes of death amongst adolescents, 2015 .. 40 The leading causes of death amongst adolescents in South Africa .. 41 Adolescent medical aid coverage .. 43 Proportion of adolescents by parental survival status, CS 2016 .. 44 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA v Demographic Profile of Adolescents in South Africa Report: 03-00-10 Summary of findings .. 44 CHAPTER 4: PROFILE OF FOREIGN-BORN ADOLESCENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA .. 45 Introduction .. 45 Data source .. 46 Results .. 46 Spatial profile of foreign-born adolescents .. 46 Sociodemographic profile of 48 Housing profile of foreign-born adolescents.

6 54 Summary of findings .. 60 CHAPTER 5: 61 Age composition .. 61 Fertility .. 61 Mortality .. 63 Migration .. 63 References .. 67 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA vi Demographic Profile of Adolescents in South Africa Report: 03-00-10 List of Figures Figure : South African population by age and sex, 2016 ..16 Figure : Percentage of adolescents aged 10 19 years, by province ..17 Figure : Percentage of adolescents aged 10 19 years by population group and geographical type, 2016 ..18 Figure : Percentage distribution of adolescents in South Africa by sex, 1996 2016 ..18 Figure : Trends in the proportion of the adolescent population (10 19 years) in South Africa, 1996-2016 ..20 Figure : Trends in the adolescent population (10 19 years) as a proportion of the total population, by province ..21 Figure : Median age of adolescents ..21 Figure : Sex ratios of adolescents.

7 21 Figure : Percentage of adolescents who gave birth by age, CS 2016 and SADHS 2016 ..25 Figure : Trends in adolescent birth rate, 1996 2016 ..26 Figure : Median adolescent birth rate and contribution of adolescent birth rate to total fertility by population group and province, Census 2011 ..29 Figure : Percentage of adolescent mothers who are attending school by age, CS 2016 ..31 Figure : Proportion of deceased adolescents by province, 2001 2016 ..34 Figure : Proportion of deceased adolescents by age, 2001 2016 ..35 Figure : Proportion of deceased adolescents by sex, 2001 2016 ..36 Figure : Proportion of deceased adolescents by population group, 2001 2016 ..37 Figure : Adolescent death rate by population group, 2001 2016 ..38 Figure : Adolescent death rates by province 2001 2016 ..39 Figure : Trends in the number of registered deaths amongst adolescents, 2006 2015 ..40 Figure : Proportion of adolescents covered by medical aid by sex, population group and province of usual residence, 2016.

8 43 Figure : Distribution of adolescents by maternal parental and paternal parental survival status, CS 2016 ..44 Figure : Distribution of foreign-born adolescents by province of enumeration, CS 2016 ..47 Figure : Distribution of foreign-born adolescents by district of enumeration in Gauteng, CS 2016 ..47 Figure : Distribution of adolescents by sex selectivity and population group, CS 2016 ..48 Figure : Percentage of foreign-born adolescents by citizenship status, CS 2016 ..49 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA vii Demographic Profile of Adolescents in South Africa Report: 03-00-10 Figure : Distribution of adolescents by relationship to household head, CS 2016 ..50 Figure : Distribution of adolescents by parental survival, CS 2016 ..51 Fi gure : Distribution of adolescents by mother or father residing in household, CS 2016 ..52 Figure : Distribution of adolescents by religious affiliation, CS 2016.

9 52 Figure : Distribution of adolescents by ever giving birth, CS 2016 ..53 Figure : Distribution of adolescents by attendance at educational institution and time travelled to get to educational institution, CS 2016 ..54 Figure : Distribution of adolescents by household size, CS 2016 ..55 Figure : Distribution of adolescents by household tenure status, CS Figure : Distribution of adolescents by main dwelling that household currently lives in, CS 2016 ..56 Figure : Distribution of adolescents by household involvement in agricultural activity and food security, CS 2016 ..58 Figure : Distribution of adolescents by victim of crime in the past 12 months, CS 2016 ..60 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA viii Demographic Profile of Adolescents in South Africa Report: 03-00-10 List of Tables Table : Adolescent (10 19 years) population percentage change by province in South Africa, 1996 2016.

10 19 Table : Percentage of adolescents who gave birth by age and population group, CS 2016 .. 26 Table : Adolescent birth rate by population group and province, Census 2001 and Census 2011 .. 27 Table : Contribution of adolescent birth rate to total fertility by population group and province (%), Census 2001 and Census 2011 .. 28 Table : Percentage of adolescents who have never been married by population group and province, 2001 2016 .. 30 Table : Percentage of adolescents who are attending school by age and sex, CS 2016 .. 31 Table : Distribution of the leading causes of death amongst adolescent females, 2015 .. 41 Table : Distribution of the ten leading causes of death amongst adolescent males, 2015 .. 42 Table : Distribution of adolescents by household services, CS 2016 .. 57 Table : Distribution of adolescents by household assets, CS 2016 .. 57 Table : Distribution of adolescents by telecommunication devices, CS 2016.