Study Guide and Reinforcement - Student Edition

1 Guide and ReinforcementStudent EditionCopyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the UnitedStates Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by anymeans, or stored in a database retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240 ISBN 0-07-867216-3 Printed in the United States of America1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 045 09 08 07 06 05 04 Table of ContentsiiiChapter 1: The Nature of Science.

2 1 Chapter 2: Measurement ..5 Chapter 3: Matter and Its Changes ..9 Chapter 4: Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table ..11 Chapter 5: Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines ..15 Chapter 6: Energy ..19 Chapter 7: Electricity and Magnetism ..23 Chapter 8: Waves ..27 Chapter 9: Rocks and Minerals ..31 Chapter 10: Forces Shaping Earth ..35 Chapter 11: Weathering and Erosion ..37 Chapter 12: The Atmosphere in Motion ..39 Chapter 13: Oceans ..43 Chapter 14: Exploring Space ..47 Chapter 15: The Solar System and Beyond.

3 51 Chapter 16: Cells The Units of Life ..55 Chapter 17: Invertebrate Animals ..57 Chapter 18: Vertebrate Animals ..61 Chapter 19: The Human Body ..65 Chapter 20: The Role of Genes in Inheritance ..67 Chapter 21: Ecology ..69 Chapter 22: Earth s Resources ..73 Three Parts of a SystemFirst ExampleSecond Nature of Science1 Minerals Earth s JewelsStudy Guide11 Directions:Match the terms from the word bank with the phrases sciencehealth sciencephysical sciencescientific theorychemistrylife sciencephysicstechnologyclimatemountain Study of matter and a meteorologist might explanation of a pattern in nature that is supported by observationsand results from many endangered species that was studied by Dian Fossey in of living systems and their Study of energy and its ability to change field that is part of life science and includes careers such as dietitians.

4 Nurses, and of nonliving things and systems on Earth and in space way of learning more about the world, that starts with making obser-vations and asking of theoretical science. It s what engineers Study of matterDirections:Use Figure 2to list four possible outcomes when new information is found about a :Fill in the chart with the three interacting parts of a system, and twoexamples of each of theseparts from your Date ClassCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies.

5 Date Class2 The Nature of ScienceCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, in ActionDirections:Circle the term in the puzzle that fits each clue. Then write the term on the line. In the puzzle, termsread across or your senses to gather information is called reasonable and educated guess based on what you know and observe is called a(n) an educated guess on the results of an experiment based on observations and thehypothesis is called making a(n) any good experiment, the scientist needs to _____ the can use a table or a graph to _____ your your investigation, you can use the results of your experiments to draw.

6 Answer the following question on the lines is a controlled experiment? Give an Date ClassCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Nature of Science3 Directions:Complete the following sentences using the correct model built using software that you can see on a computer screen is a = mc2is Einstein s _____ model of the theory of mobile that shows our solar system is a _____ models are used to communicate _____ to other models are used because testing with a model is _____ and less expensive than the real.

7 Answer the following questions on the lines one example of a model used to test a one way a computer model could help a scientist studying are the limitations of models? scientists thought that Earth was the center of the universe, and imagined the sky as ablanket that covered the planet. Why did this early model change?Models in ScienceStudy Guide331 ChapterName Date Class4 The Nature of ScienceCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, ScientificExplanationDirections.

8 Fill in the blanks with the following thinkingconclusionsScientists often have to evaluate scientific explanations in two parts. Scientists evaluate the observations that are made, and evaluate the made from thoseobservations. To make a decision, scientists use their skills to evaluate the evidence. Scientists have to be careful whenever they are collecting any type Measurements must be accurate and instruments must be properlycalibrated, as scientists cannot afford to be careless in their data scientific explanations must be by other scientists.

9 If a scientist s experiment cannot be recreated accurately by other scientists, it might mean that theexperiment is invalid. Once the experiments and evidence have been tested and examined, the scientist might draw based on the observations. However, when drawing conclusions, scientists should ask themselves if they considered all of the possible It is important to keep an open mind when drawing conclusions fromscientific information. It is also important to remember that scientific information is constantly , and that all scientific models are subject to important to know that scientific reasoning is used not only in the Scientific reasoning and critical thinking skills are used every skills will help you claims and make good decisions about theworld around :Answer the following questions on the lines is it important for a scientist to write down every observation, including unexpectedobservations?

10 Is evaluating an advertising claim a use of the scientific process? an advertiser s claim that its results have been verified by an independent laboratoryimpress you? Study Guide441 ChapterMeasurement5 Description andMeasurementStudy Guide11 Directions: Use the word bank to fill in the blanks in the summary placeslongmeasurementprecision(1)_____ is a way to describe the world with numbers. It can tell you how(2)_____, how (3)_____, or how(4)_____, by measuring time, distance, and mass.(5)_____ is a description of how close measurements are to each other.