STUDY OF POLYPROPYLENE (PP) CARTRIDGE FILTER ...

1 STUDY OF POLYPROPYLENE (PP) CARTRIDGE FILTER CHARACTERISTICS AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIQUID FILTRATION SYSTEM TEST RIG RAIHAN BIN ABDUL RASHID Thesis submitted in fulfillment of requirements for award of the Degree of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG JUNE 2012 vi ABSTRACT The function of CARTRIDGE FILTER is to separate substance or particle from liquid. CARTRIDGE FILTER is a media to filtrate substance that flow with liquid. CARTRIDGE FILTER in this project focus for water filtration system that usually used at houses and small scale industry.

2 Volume flow rate relate with pressure of the water that flow through pipe system. CARTRIDGE FILTER function as a media that reduced pressure from the water flow and call pressure drop. Sediment sand particles function as particles that flow with the water and will filtrate with CARTRIDGE FILTER . Sediment sand make contact on the surface of CARTRIDGE FILTER depend on the volume flow rate of water. CARTRIDGE will clogged because of sediment sand clog on the surface of CARTRIDGE FILTER when tried to enter the CARTRIDGE FILTER . This situation make filtration system has different pressure on the entrance and the exit of CARTRIDGE housing.

3 Different pressure call pressure drop represent the pressure drop of the CARTRIDGE . From the pressure drop can relate with volume flow rate and determined life span and maximum condition of the CARTRIDGE FILTER . Maximum clogging condition happen because of pressure of CARTRIDGE FILTER does not increase anymore and CARTRIDGE FILTER has fully clogged with sediment sand. vii ABSTRAK Fungsi penapis kartrij adalah untuk memisahkan bahan atau zarah-zarah yang mengalir bersama cecair. Penapis kartrij yang difokuskan dalam projek ini adalah penapis kartrij biasanya digunakan untuk system penapisan air di rumah dan industry-industri kecil.

4 Tekanan air yang mengalir di dalam paip adalah berkait rapat dengan kadar aliran isispadu. Penapis kartrij boleh menurunkan atau mengurangkan kadar tekanan air yang mengalir melalui paip. Zara-zarah pasir digunakan sebagai bahan ujian untuk menguji tahap ketahanan penapis kartrij. Zarah-zarah pasir dimasukkan kedalam system pengujian penapisan yang telah dibina. Pasir yang telah dimasukkan akan terlekat dan tersumbat disebabkan size liang penapis kartrij yang terlalu kecil. Keadaan ini akan menyebabkan perbezaan tekanan antara tekanan sebelum memasuki penapis CARTRIDGE dengan tekanan keluar daripada penapis kartrij.

5 Perbezaan tekanan ini akan meningkat dan sampai satu tahap akan malar dan tidak meningkan lagi. Keadaan ini menunjukkan, penapis kartrij telah tersumbat dan perbezaan tekanan pada keadaan ini adalah pada tahap tertinggi. Daripada perbezaan tekanan penapis kartrij ini, graf perbezaan tekanan melawan kadar aliran isipadu dapat dibentuk. Daripada graf ini, dapat mengetahui jangka hayat dan keadaan tersumbat tertinggi bagi penuras kartrij. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUPERVISOR S DECLARATION ii STUDENT S DECLARATION iii DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v ABSTRACT vi ABSTRAK vii TABLE OF CONTENTS viii LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xii LIST OF SYMBOLS xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Project background 1 Problem statement 3 Objectives 4 Scopes 4 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction 5 Filtration

6 Equipment 6 Screens and strainers 6 Deep bed filters 7 CARTRIDGE filters 9 Micronfiltration membranes 9 Coalescing FILTER 10 Diffusion membranes 10 ix Pump selection 11 Type of pump 11 Type of CARTRIDGE FILTER 13 String wound POLYPROPYLENE FILTER 13 CARTRIDGE PP Melt blown FILTER CARTRIDGE 14 Pleated FILTER CARTRIDGE 15 CARTRIDGE FILTER applications 17 CARTRIDGE FILTER micron ratings 17 Absolute Vs nominal FILTER ratings 17 pressure drop 17 Determining pressure drop 19 Sample graph pressure drop Vs volume flow rate 20 Applications 23 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY Introduction 24 Design of experiment 24 Material used 26 Pump 26 pressure gauge 26 CARTRIDGE FILTER 27 CARTRIDGE FILTER housing 28 Ball valve 28 PVC pipe 29 Sediment sand 29 Sediment sand partition 29 CARTRIDGE FILTER test rig 30 Calculation 32 Experiment procedure 38 Flow chart 40

7 X CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION Introduction 43 Result of flow rate, pressure drop and sediment mass 43 Value of volume flow rate used 44 1 m 2-Tier PP Sediment FILTER CARTRIDGE 46 5 m 2-Tier PP Sediment FILTER CARTRIDGE 49 Summarize data of pressure drop and mass of sediment sand for each CARTRIDGE FILTER 52 Graph result and discussion 53 Characteristic of maximum clogging condition for CARTRIDGE FILTER 58 Discussion characteristic of the PP CARTRIDGE FILTER 65 Detail CARTRIDGE characteristics 67 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION Conclusion 71 Recommendation 72

8 REFERENCES 74 APPENDICES A 2 - Tier PP Sediment CARTRIDGE FILTER information 76 B Solidwork title block 77 C Gantt chart Final Year Project 1 78 D Gantt chart Final Year Project 2 79 xi LIST OF TABLES Table No. Page Volume flow rate 30 /min 44 Volume flow rate 50 /min 44 Volume flow rate 70 /min 45 1 m with flow rate 30 /min 46 1 m with flow rate 50 /min 47 1 m with flow rate 70 /min 48 5 m with flow rate 30 /min 49 5 m with flow rate 50 /min 50 5 m with flow rate 70 /min 51 Summarize data pressure drop of the CARTRIDGE FILTER 52 Summarize data mass of the sediment sand inside the CARTRIDGE FILTER 52 1 m CARTRIDGE FILTER with 30 l/min

9 Volume flow rate 59 1 m CARTRIDGE FILTER with 50 l/min volume flow rate 60 1 m CARTRIDGE FILTER with 70 l/min volume flow rate 61 5 m CARTRIDGE FILTER with 30 l/min volume flow rate 62 5 m CARTRIDGE FILTER with 50 l/min volume flow rate 63 5 m CARTRIDGE FILTER with 70 l/min volume flow rate 63 xii LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Page String wound CARTRIDGE 14 PP Melt-Blown CARTRIDGE 15 Pleated FILTER CARTRIDGE 16 Static pressure on filtration system 18 Dynamic pressure on filtration system 18 Graph pressure drop vs volume flow rate for fiber pleated CARTRIDGE FILTER 21 Graph pressure drop vs volume flow rate for Melt Blown CARTRIDGE FILTER 22 Graph pressure drop vs volume flow rate for String Wound CARTRIDGE FILTER 23 Solidwork design system test rig 25 Solidwork design CARTRIDGE filtration

10 System test rig 25 Pump 26 pressure gauge 27 1 m and 5 m pore size 2 Tier PP Sediment CARTRIDGE FILTER 27 CARTRIDGE FILTER housing 28 Ball valve 28 PVC pipe 29 Sediment sand 29 Sediment sand partition 30 Test bench with CARTRIDGE FILTER system test rig 31 CARTRIDGE FILTER system test rig 31 xiii CARTRIDGE water FILTER system test rig 38 Flow chart 1 40 Flow chart 2 41 Graph pressure drop versus volume flow rate for 1 m CARTRIDGE pore size 53 Graph pressure drop versus volume flow rate for 5 m CARTRIDGE pore size 54 Graph pressure drop versus volume flow rate for both 1 m and 5 m CARTRIDGE pore size 55 Graph sediment mass inside the CARTRIDGE versus volume flow rate for 1 m 56 Graph sediment mass inside the CARTRIDGE versus volume flow rate for 5 m 56 Graph sediment mass inside the CARTRIDGE versus volume flow rate for both 1 m and 5 m 57 Inside view 1 m CARTRIDGE with 30 l/min volume flow rate 67 Inside view 1 m CARTRIDGE with 50 l/min volume flow