Suicide Rates for Females and Males by Race and Ethnicity ...

1 April 2016 Suicide Rates for Females and Males by Race and Ethnicity : United States, 1999 and 2014 by Sally C. Curtin, , and Margaret Warner, , Division of Vital Statistics; and Holly Hedegaard, , , Office of Analysis and Epidemiology The age-adjusted Suicide rate in the United States was 24% higher in 2014 than in 1999, and increases were observed for both Females and Males in all age groups under 75 (1). This NCHS Health E-Stat provides supplemental data on the frequency and rate of Suicide among Females and Males by Hispanic origin and race for 1999 and 2014. For Females , age-adjusted Suicide Rates increased between 1999 and 2014 for all racial and ethnic groups except non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders (API), with the largest percentage increases for non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) Females (89%) and non-Hispanic white Females (60%) (Figure 1, Table).

2 Suicide Rates for non-Hispanic white Females increased for all age groups under age 75. The Suicide rate for non-Hispanic white Females aged 45 64 in 2014 ( per 100,000) was 80% higher compared with 1999 ( ) and was three to four times higher than for Females in other racial and ethnic groups. Suicide Rates for non-Hispanic black and Hispanic Females also increased for those aged 45 64. Although much lower than for other ages, the Suicide rate in 2014 for non-Hispanic white Females aged 10 14 years ( per 100,000) more than tripled from 1999 ( ). For Males , age-adjusted Suicide Rates increased between 1999 and 2014 by 38% for non-Hispanic AIAN Males and by 28% for non-Hispanic white Males (Figure 2, Table).

3 In 2014, the Suicide rate for non-Hispanic AIAN Males aged 25 44 was the highest among all racial and ethnic groups ( per 100,000) and was 60% higher than in 1999 ( ). Non-Hispanic white Males had higher Suicide Rates in 2014 than in 1999 for all age groups under 75 years, with the greatest percentage increase for those aged 45 64 (59%) and 10 14 (57%). In contrast, non-Health E-Stat Page 2 Suicide Rates for Females and Males by Race and Ethnicity : United States, 1999 and 2014 Hispanic black Males were the only racial and ethnic group of either sex to have a lower Suicide rate in 2014 ( per 100,000 standard population) compared with 1999 ( ), an 8% decline.

4 Deaths for all causes for non-Hispanic AIAN, non-Hispanic API, and Hispanic persons have been shown to be misclassified to other racial and ethnic groups, resulting in underreporting of these deaths by about 28%, 7%, and 5%, respectively (2,3). Despite this underestimation, these groups are included in this report so that all major Hispanic-origin and race groups are presented. Although the extent and direction of misclassification of Suicide deaths is unknown, numbers and Rates for these racial and ethnic groups are most likely underreported. Even so, non-Hispanic AIAN persons had among the highest age-adjusted Suicide Rates in 2014 (along with non-Hispanic white persons ) and the highest Suicide Rates for Females and Males aged 15 24 and 25 44.

5 A study linking self-reported Hispanic origin and race on censuses and surveys to entries on death certificates is in progress and will provide more current estimates of racial and ethnic misclassification on death certificates. In addition, NCHS, with funding from the Office of Minority Health, Department of Health and Human Services, is developing Web-based training aimed at improving the reporting of race and Hispanic origin on death certificates. Data source and methods Data are from the 1999 and 2014 National Vital Statistics Systems Multiple Cause of Death files, which are compiled from data provided through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program (4).

6 Deaths were classified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD 10) (5). Suicide deaths were identified with ICD 10 underlying cause of death codes U03, X60 X84, and Health E-Stat Page 3 Suicide Rates for Females and Males by Race and Ethnicity : United States, 1999 and 2014 Differences in Rates were tested by z test for statistical significance, and all differences discussed were significant at the level. Age-adjusted death Rates were calculated using the direct method and the 2000 standard population (3). Demographic information comes from death certificates.

7 Population data for 1999 and 2014 are July 1 bridged-race estimates from the Vintage 2014 postcensal series. References SC, Warner M, Hedegaard H. Increase in Suicide in the United States, 1999 data brief, no 241. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. E, Schauman WS, Eschbach K, et al. The validity of race and Hispanic origin reportingon death certificates in the United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital HealthStat 2(148). 2008. KD, Murphy SL, Xu JQ. Deaths: Final data for 2011. National vital statisticsreports; vol 63 no 3. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

8 Center for Health Statistics. About underlying cause of death, 1999 2014. from: CDC WONDER online International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenthrevision (ICD 10). 2008 ed. Geneva, Switzerland. citation: Curtin SC, Warner M, Hedegaard H. Suicide Rates for Females and Males by race and Ethnicity : United States, 1999 and 2014. NCHS Health E-Stat. National Center for Health Statistics. April 2016. Health E-Stat Page 4 Suicide Rates for Females and Males by Race and Ethnicity : United States, 1999 and 2014 Health E-Stat Page 5 Suicide Rates for Females and Males by Race and Ethnicity .

9 United States, 1999 and 2014 NumberRateNumberRateNumberRateNumberRate All races1 All ages25, , 4523, , 1610 3715 533, , 825 442, , 319, , 1345 641, , 636, , 4365 442, , 875 and -112, , -8 Not stated *1**16*3**Non-Hispanic white3 All ages24, , 6019, , 2810 5715 592, , 1725 441, , 447, , 2645 641, , 805, , 5965 501, , 1475 and , , stated-*1**6*3**Non-Hispanic black3 All 241, , -810 147*14** 7915 -1725 7416* * -3475 and over10*10** stated-*-**2*-**Non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander3,4 All 141*4**6*6**15 3525 7414* * and over16* * stated-*-**1*-**Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native3,5 All 3810 14-*7**2*4**15 2413* * 6045 6412*19** 5265 74-*-**9*11**75 and over-*-**2*9**Not stated-*-**-*-**Table.

10 Number of deaths, death Rates by age, and age-adjusted death Rates for Suicide , by Hispanic origin and race and sex: United States, 1999 and 2014 FemaleMale19992014 Percent change in rate, 1999 201419992014 Percent change in rate, 1999 2014 Hispanic origin and race and age (years)[ Rates per 100,000 population estimated as of July 1]Health E-Stat Page 6 Suicide Rates for Females and Males by Race and Ethnicity : United States, 1999 and 2014 Hispanic6 All 321, , 149* * 1625 , 1245 7410* * and over13*14** -32 Not stated-*-**2*-**4 Includes Aleuts and Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, and other Asian or Pacific Islander of Hispanic origin may be of any : Suicide deaths are identified with underlying cause-of-death codes U03, X60 X84, and from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision.