Sustainable Production of Wood and Non-wood …

1 United StatesDepartment of AgricultureForest ServicePacific NorthwestResearch StationGeneral TechnicalReportPNW-GTR-604 February 2004 Sustainable PRODUCTIONOF WOOD AND NON-WOODFOREST PRODUCTSP roceedings of the IUFRO Division 5 Research Groups and ,Rotorua, New Zealand, March 11 15, 2003 Technical Coordinators: Ellen M. Donoghue is a USDA forest Service Research Social Scientist, and Gary L. Benson is a USDA forest ServiceStaff Ecologist, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Box 3890, Portland, OR L. Chamberlain is a USDA forest Service Non- timber forest Products Technologist, Southern Research Station,1650 Ramble Road, Blacksburg, VA 24060 Design and Layout: Cover design/graphic layout of proceedings:Jenny Beranek, Beaverton, Oregon, USAC over graphic:Frank Vanni and Gary Benson, USDA forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research photo credit:Robert Szaro, USDA forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; Arvind Boaz, ForestDepartment, Devendra Nagar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India; Olga Boaz, University of Central India, Raipur, the cover:Central photo taken in area of Rotorua, New Zealand, site of the 2003 IUFRO Conference.

2 Surrounding photos depict global examples of wood and Non-wood forest products and activities related to these products. Products andactivities (clockwise from upper left corner) include: Alaskan log products, birch-bark peeling; wood milling, preparationand transport, rubber tree tapping; and Tendu leaf transport and picking. Papers were provided in camera-ready form for printing by the authors, who are therefore responsible for the content and accuracy. Opinions expressedmay not necessarily reflect the position of the Department of use of trade or firm names is for information only and does not imply endorsement by the Department of Agriculture of any product or service. Sustainable Production OF WOOD AND Non-wood forest PRODUCTSP roceedings of the IUFRO Division 5 Research Groups and , Rotorua, New Zealand, March 11 12, 2003 Ellen M. Donoghue, Gary L. Benson, and James L.

3 Chamberlain, Technical CoordinatorsPublished Department of AgricultureForest ServicePacific Northwest Research StationPortland, OregonGeneral Technical ReportPNW-GTR-604 February 2004In Cooperation with:International Union of ForestResearch Organizations (IUFRO)When you know:Multiply by: To find:Centimeters (cm) (in)Cubic feet (cf)5 Board feet (bf)Cubic meters (m3) feet (ft3) Grams (g) (g) (ha) (ac)Kilograms (kg) (lbs)Kilometers (km) (mi)Meters (m) (ft)Milliliters (ml) (fluid)Square kilometers (km2) miles (mi2)Trees per hectare (t/ha) per acre (t/ac)When you know:Multiply by: To find:Acres (ac) (ha)Inches (in) ABSTRACTD onoghue, ; Benson, ; Chamberlain, , tech. coords. Production of wood and Non-wood forest products: Proceedings of IUFRO Division 5 Research Groups and , Rotorua, NewZealand, March 11 15, 2003. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-604.

4 Portland, OR: Department ofAgriculture, forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 120 proceedings is a collection of 18 papers and extended abstracts based on talks presented at the InternationalUnion of forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) All Division 5 Conference, held in Rotorua, New Zealand,March 11 15, 2003. This conference emphasized the many ways that forest products research can contribute tosustainable choices in forest management. The two IUFRO Research Groups represented in this proceedings arethe Sustainable Production of forest Products Research Group ( ) and the Non-wood forest Products ResearchGroup ( ). The papers address many aspects of wood and Non-wood forest products including: forest manage-ment; product development; economic development implications; local, national, and international protocols;assessments; and research strategies. KEY WORDS: forest products, non- timber forest products, Non-wood products, Sustainable forest management, wood products.

5 ENGLISH/METRIC EQUIVALENTSP roceedings from IUFRO Division 5, Research Groups and ..1 Ellen M. Donoghue, Gary L. Benson, and James L. Chamberlain, Technical CoordinatorsA. WOOD PRODUCTSASIA1. The Future of Plantation Forests and forest -Based Industry in Indonesia ..5 Aulia Aruan2. Reduced Impact Logging: the Tropical forest Foundation Experience in Indonesia .. Klassen 3. Succession of Fallows after Shifting Cultivation in Sungai Sarawak Basin, Kuching, Sarawak .. Ipor and TawanNORTH AMERICA4. Sustainable Wood Production in the Pacific Northwest ..29 Robert Deal, and R. James Barbour5. Integrating Social Science with forest Products Research: The Benefits of Addressing AllDimensions of Sustainability ..35 Ellen M. DonoghueMULTINATIONAL6. Life Cycle Assessment of Wood Floor Coverings ..39B. Nebel, B. Zimmer, and G. WegenerB. Non-wood forest PRODUCTSASIA7.

6 Conservation and Management of Himalayan Medicinal Plants in Nepal ..45 Nirmal K. Bhattarai and Madhav B. Karki8. Community Based Sustainable Management of Tendu Leaves (Diospyros MelanoxylonRoxb.)A Case Study of Harda District of Madhya Pradesh, India ..51 Arvind Boaz and Olga Boaz9. The Economic Aspects of Agave Americana: A Case Study of its Sustainable Management by a Tribal Co-Operative Society in Jagdalpur District of Chhattisgarh, India ..63 Olga Boaz and Arvind Boaz10. Gum Tapping in Sterculia Urens Roxb. (Sterculiaceae) using Ethephon .. Nair11. The Endangered Bark ..75 Bikash RathAFRICA12. Developing Inventory Methodologies for Non-wood forest Products: Lessons Learned from an Analysis of Case Studies in African Countries ..83 Wulf Killmann, Francois Ndeckere, Paul Vantomme, and Sven WalterNORTH AMERICA13. The Nontimber forest Products Assessment: Overview and Issues.

7 89 Susan J. Alexander14. A Strategy for Nontimber forest Products Research and Technology Transfer for Southern United States ..91 James L. Chamberlain15. Many Voices, Many Values: Community Economic Diversification through Nontimber forest Products in Coastal British Columbia, Canada ..93 Darcy Mitchell 16. Co-Management for Nontimber forest Products in Coastal British Columbia, Canada ..99 Brian D. Titus, Wendy Cocksedge, Charlotte E. Bell, Darcy A. Mitchell, and William T. DushenkoMULTINATIONAL17. Developing Methodologies for the Elaboration of National Level Statistics on Non-wood forest Products: Lessons Learned from Case Studies and from a Global Assessment ..103 Wulf Killmann, Francois Ndeckere, Paul Vantomme, and Sven Walter18. Benefit Sharing Arrangements in the Field of Non-wood forest Products: Status and Links to Certification ..111 Sven Walter, Paul Vantomme, Wulf Killmann, and Fran ois Ndeckere1 Research Social Scientist, 2 Staff Ecologist, U.

8 S. Department of Agriculture, forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Box 3890,Portland, OR forest Products Technologist, Department of Agriculture, forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1650 Ramble Road, Blacksburg,VA from IUFRO Division 5, Research Groups and M. Donoghue1,Gary L. Benson2, and James L. Chamberlain3, Technical CoordinatorsThe International Union of forest Research Organizations(IUFRO) All Division 5 Conference in Rotorua, NewZealand, March 11 15, 2003, focused on issues surround-ing Sustainable forest management and forest productsresearch. As the conference title forest Products Research:Providing for Sustainable Choices suggests, the purposeof the conference was to consider scientific progresstowards meeting the rapidly increasing demands for forestproducts in the context of social, economic, and environ-mental considerations associated with Sustainable forestmanagement.

9 Conference attendees addressed challengesand opportunities of Sustainable forest management throughexchanges of knowledge and experience from presentations,field trips, and formal and informal discussions about forestproducts research at national and international publication is the 3rdproceedings of the IUFROD ivision 5 Sustainable Production of forest ProductsResearch Group Two prior proceedings were from the1997 All Division 5 conference in Pullman, Washington,USA (Barbour and Skog 1997) and the 2000 IUFRO WorldCongress in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Barbour and Wong2001). New to this proceedings, however, is the inclusionof papers from the Non-wood forest Products ResearchGroup Many similarities emerge when both wood andnon-wood research is set in the context of social, economic,and ecological dimensions of Sustainable forest suggested a natural combining of the papers from thetwo Research Groups for this publication.

10 Both ResearchGroups focus on the development, evaluation, and applica-tion of forest products. Both address complex issues ofecological integrity and economic development. Also, bothgrapple with the ways that research is providing for sus-tainable choices for forest -based societies around the all research groups of Division 5 participated inthe conference, this proceedings includes only those papersfrom the and Research Sustainable Production of forest Products ResearchGroup focuses on global issues regarding sustainablyproduced forest products. It provides a forum for researcherswho study the Production of wood and other forest productsin a Sustainable manner. Among other things, the groupmembers examine questions regarding green certification,life cycle analysis, wood products from Sustainable man-aged forestry, and the economic contribution of wood products to Sustainable Non-wood forest Products Research Group on the discovery, development, and wise use ofnon-wood products found in forests around the world.