SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : CASE STUDY

1 SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : CASE STUDY JayantJoshi WASTE ClassificationMunicipal Solid WASTE Industrial WasteMedical WasteDomestic WasteBio-DegradableKitchen WasteVegetables, Peels, Garden WASTE (Tree Leaves)Non-Bio-DegradableRecyclablePlast ic,Glass, Metal Paper, Non-RecyclableThermacoal,Sanitary Napkins,DiapersVegetable Market WasteConstruction WasteComposition of MSW ~51% of Domestic WASTE is IndiaNorthIndiaSouth IndiaWest IndiaComposition of MSWR egion/CityComposition of MSW in India & Regional VariationCompostable (%)Recyclables (%)Inerts (%)

2 MSWM ComparisonDomestic WASTE GenerationMixing in HouseUnsegregated WASTE CollectionCollected by Municipal Corporation (Trucks)TransportationOpen Dumping AND/OR BurningSegregation at SourceSanitary LandfillOr Incineration RecyclableRecycling PlantNon-Bio-DegradableExisting MSWM SystemProposed MSWM SystemBio-DegradableComposting At SourceVermin-CompostAerobicCompost AnaerobicBiogasIndia: Overview ~920m tons of MSW landfill or 843m tons Open Dump (91% of Total WASTE Generated) Inefficient handling of WASTE by municipalities (50-60%) Receive Treatment : 10% of the collected WASTE Scientific Disposal in Landfill: ~ 0% No segregation, unsafe disposal Discarded Composting Rejects : 60% Utilized Mixed WASTE : Only 6-7% Non-organics and heavy metals reduced efficiency Calorific Value of MSW-India.

3 NOT suitable for Energy Generation Although LFG recovery reduces overall GHG emissions Opportunity to produce tons of WASTE compost Produces m TPY of RDF in the form of composting rejects Insufficient information on performance of MSW composting facilities Average Expenditure on SWM : 15 -20% of Total Budget 75% Salaries , 20% Transportation, Rest on other O&M Prohibition Against Littering the Streets, Deposition of Solid WASTE onthe Streets, Open Defecation, person shall litter public streets or public places or deposit or cause or permit to be deposited or thrown upon or along any public street, public place, land belonging to the local body, State or Central Government or any unoccupied land or on the bank of a water-body any solid WASTE except in the receptaclesspecified in 2, 6 and 8 above or resort to open.

4 Existing Scenario Population : ~ Budget for WASTE Disposal: 2300 Crore/yr WASTE Generate: 11,000 TPD (2014-15 BMC Report) ~630 gm/per Family /Day 15-20% WASTE remains uncollected Almost 0% Gets Scientific Treatment >80% of Domestic WASTE is Bio-degradable WASTE is dumped on Deonar ,it s capacity is ended 25 years back,HariomnagarMulund it s closer is declared ,the third is at Kanjurit is not yet stared fully because of litigations. The height of the WASTE tower at Deonar has reached about 55 meters or 165 feet equivalent , as against the 35-metre cap mandated by the Airports Authority of Dombivali Corporation scenario No scientific dumping ground allocated Last two years all the new Housing projects are being rejected Unauthorized construction are in full swing 200 crore revenue loss Day by day MSW quantity is on increase Dirtiest city in India 24 Hrs garbage heaps are left burning Thane and Mumbai are also on the same Path SIT inquiry for And 4408 Cr Rs irregularities.

5 Carelessness of the citizensUnscientific way of handling the wasteAll the Rivers are polluted Our all the water resources are polluted and not giving potable water Mumbai Maladbeach is full of garbage thrown in the deep sea ,came back with high tide Holy water to immerse Flower Hazards of open dumping Open Burning of Solid Wastes and Landfill Fires Emit 22,000 TPY of pollutants CO, HC,H2S , NOx, SOx, SO2 , dioxins, furans Particulate Matter Burning at Ground Levels Upper Respiratory tract Disorders to the Locals Mix WASTE compost Samples Fall Below QC standards Exceeded Quantities of Heavy Metals Soil, Air, Water Pollution Physically Challenged Next Generation Agenda Understating Municipal WASTE Existing Methods of composting Merits and Demerits Case Studies Proposed Solution De-Centralization of WASTE Summary Conclusion Next StepsDeonarFire Deonar.

6 Largest Garbage Dump in Mumbai, (possibly India) 132-Hectare Site Receives ~4000 to 5000 Tons of WASTE /Day Home to Thousands of Scavengers Open Pit Toilet Leading to Health Hazards Rs. 3,700-Crore contract for partial closure of dump and building an integrated WASTE MANAGEMENT facility given to United Phosphorous (2009) Disputes ->No compost Plant Yet Caught Severe Fire on Jan 28. 2016 Severity: Visible even from Space Thick Smoke (Acrid smoke)That Bloated Out the Sun Severe Threat to the health of those who live nearby Fire lasted for more than four days Possible Causes: Self combustion of methane inside the dump Misconduct ?

7 Irresponsibility ? of Trash in Deonar~30m Tall 9 Story !! -NASANASAS wacchsBharat AbhiyanCurrent Mentality People s Attitude Innocence Ignorance ArroganceEducation on paper The civic administration, in its 2014-15 budget, has allocated around Rs 44 crore to increase awareness among citizens regarding WASTE MANAGEMENT , to improve civic sense and also streamline the role played by NGOs in this process. Decentralization :Experts opinion The BMC needs to draw up a policy to micro-manage organic WASTE , said , professor, centre for science and engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay.

8 Estimates suggest that the Garbage treatment is Rs 60,000-crore industry has the potential to grow at 10-15 per cent a yearComparisonMethodsMeritsDemeritsRecyc le Integral part of SWM Robust Collection and supply chainin large cities Informal Sectored, Successful only if segregation at source follow ed Only ~20% to 35% Available in India Aerobic Composting Suitable for Organic WASTE (51%-India) Significant Reductionin Transportation Cost Fast and Cheap Low Space ,No Odor ,Most Eco-Friendly Proved to be the best if decentralized 100 Nitrogen is recovered Possibility of heavy metals entering into food chain if used as Mixed.

9 If it is done on centralized way it is costly affair Small Scale Bio-Gas/Methanization High position on hierarchy of SWM Divertwaste from landfills Only successful at small scale Low Efficiency Excessive WaterRequired MediumSpace Required Slushy Slurry as bi-productVermiCompost Gets good quality manure Not advisable for Kitchen WASTE Slow process failure chances are more Refuse Derived Fuel(RDF) Potential Substitutefor Coal Divert WASTE from landfills 5plants Manyfailures from case studies Severe problems during operation Lack of funding, logistics and WASTE to Energy Combustion(WTE) Potential Substitutefor Coal Recommended after all possible recycling and composting Low Efficiency due to lower Cal.

10 Value GHG Emissions Inert Organic Bi-products Flyashis anotherwaste generated Segregation at Manchester Segregation in UK At Food Joint Key Concepts: WASTE Reduction National Level Law must be implemented very strictly promotion of consumer awareness. promotion of producer responsibility for post-consumer wastes. Required Change In Packing Material Local Level At Source Segregation . recovery of materials from mixed WASTE . Implementation of Three R support of home composting, either centralized or LevelsL1 Individual Inside Our HouseL2 Small-Sized Groups 10-15 families prepare their own composting pitL3 Mid-Sized Groups A society of 100 members WASTE MANAGEMENT .