Swedish dietary guidelines - Food and Agriculture ...

1 Rapport 5 - 2015by sa Brug rd Konde, Rickard Bjerselius, Lina Haglund, Anette Jansson, Monika Pearson, Jorun Sanner F rnstrand and Anna-Karin JohanssonSwedish dietary guidelines - risk and benefit management report 1 Findyourwayto eat greener, not too much and be activeFindyourwayto eat greener, not too much and be active Contents Summary .. 2 Background .. 4 Energy balance and weight stability .. 8 Physical activity .. 10 Green vegetables, root vegetables, legumes, fruit and berries .. 12 Nuts and seeds .. 17 Bread, grains, pasta, rice.

2 20 food fats .. 25 Dairy products .. 29 Eggs .. 34 Fish and shellfish .. 36 Meat from cows, pigs, lambs, reindeer and game, and processed meats .. 41 Poultry .. 46 Salt .. 48 Sweets, ice cream, pastries and sweet drinks .. 50 Alcoholic drinks .. 54 Water .. 56 Holistic sustainability, variation and balance .. 57 References .. 60 Appendix 1. Milk and milk products in " food in 2050" Appendix 2. Scenario calculations of consumption of cultivated salmon in relation to tolerable intake of dioxins Livsmedelsverkets rapportserie nr 5/ 2015 2 Summary The Swedish National food Agency (Livsmedelsverket) has updated the national die-tary guidelines .

3 The updated advice is about how to eat healthily and at the same time take into account environmental aspects. To integrate health and environment in the work regarding nutritional advice is a new and important step for a sustainable future food consumption. This report describes, in short, the scientific base of knowledge and the considerations that led to the recommendations. The recommendations regarding healthy eating are based on the nordic nutritional rec-ommendations (NNR 2012), knowledge of the population's dietary habits and scientific knowledge of the environmental impact of various food groups.

4 The conclusion is that, for the sake of both health and environment, we need a change of the consumption, from a large amount of foods of animal origin, to more plant-based foods. food patterns based on vegetables, whole grains, lean dairy products, fish and oil decrease the risk of the common population diseases in Sweden cardiovascular disease, overweight/obe-sity, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer. This has been focused on in previous dietary guidelines , and has been further strengthened by current research. Basing your foods on plant-based foods is also a good choice for the environment, since plant-based foods generally have a lower impact on the environment than foods of animal origin.

5 Today, half of all adults in Sweden are overweight. One deciding cause for overweight is when the calorie intake exceeds the need for energy. Therefore, in the updated recom-mendations, we emphasise the importance of an energy balance, which means to eat a reasonable amount. What is a reasonable amount is individual, and largely depends on how active a person is. Physical activity has a large effect on weight stability, but also contributes to prevent cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and certain types of cancer. Therefore, the rec-ommendation of the Swedish National food Agency is to exercise regularly, for exam-ple by walking briskly for at least 30 minutes every day.

6 New research also shows that sitting still in itself increases the risk for disease. It is therefore important to decrease the sitting still by taking regular and short breaks from this position. As a whole, the recommendations include ten food groups and advice regarding energy balance and physical activity. But it is also important not just to look at separate food groups or nutrients, but to also look at the overall picture, as in the overall dietary hab-its. Recent investigations have supported the view that healthy dietary habits are based on a lot of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, fish, vegetable oils and lean dairy products, while a lot of red meat and processed meat, sugar and other energy-dense foods, and also foods containing a lot of salt increases the risk of diet-related diseases.

7 Livsmedelsverkets rapportserie nr 5/ 2015 3 An important message is that even small improvements of unhealthy dietary habits lead to health benefits. This includes both dietary habits and physical activity. The national guidelines regarding good dietary habits are aimed at adults, adolescents and children, and can be adjusted for different food cultures. For children under two years of age, pregnant women and vegetarians there are specially targeted advices and information.

8 People with certain diseases and food allergies may need individually tai-lored nutritional advice or dietary treatments from their healthcare provider. Livsmedelsverkets rapportserie nr 5/ 2015 4 Background In the Swedish National food Agency's instruction it is stated that the authority should inform consumers, companies and other interested parties in the food chain regarding current rules and regulations, dietary guidelines and other important issues in the food area.

9 The agency should also promote the consumers', and particularly children's and adolescents', ability to make conscious decisions regarding healthy and safe foods1. The Swedish National food Agency is also charged with working towards achieving the generational goal for the environmental work and the environmental quality objectives that the Parliament has established, and if needed suggest measures to develop this envi-ronmental work. The regulation regarding environmental management also states that environmental aspects should be integrated into the work of the agency2.

10 Based on this, one of the Swedish National food Agency's three main areas is to pro-mote healthy dietary habits in the population. As part of this work, the agency gives out dietary guidelines , both in the shape of specific recommendations for different groups, for example infants, toddlers, pregnant women and breastfeeding women, and as general recommendations aimed at the general population. This report concerns recommenda-tions given to the general population. In 2005, the Swedish National food Agency presented the so called "Five dietary guide-lines".