SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER …

1 Page | 0 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING LEAF EXTRACT OF Azadirachta indica A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Science In Life Science By TAMASA PANIGRAHI 411LS2058 Under The Supervision of Dr. SUMAN JHA DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA-769008, ORISSA, INDIA 2013 Page | 1 I dedicate my dissertation work to my beloved parents and my sister. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving parents, whose words of encouragement and push for tenacity ring in my ears.

2 My sister has never left my side and is very special. Page | 2 DECLARATION I Tamasa Panigrahi hereby declare that, this project report entitled SYNTHESIS and CHARACTERIZATION of SILVER Nanoparticles using leaf extract of Azadirachta indica , submitted by me, under the guidance of Dr. Suman Jha, Associate Professor, , Rourkela is my own and has not been submitted to any other University or Institute or published earlier. Rourkela Date: Tamasa Panigrahi Page | 3 Dr.

3 Suman Jha Associate Professor Department of Life Science National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Orissa, India CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled SYNTHESIS and CHARACTERIZATION of SILVER Nanoparticles using leaf extract of Azadirachta indica by Tamasa Panigrahi (411LS2058), submitted to the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela for the Degree of Master of Science is a record of bonafide research work, carried out by her in the Department of Life Science under my supervision.

4 I believe that the thesis fulfils part of the requirements for the award of Master of Science. The results embodied in the thesis have not been submitted for the award of any other degree Dr. Suman Jha Department of Life Science NIT Rourkela Page | 4 ACKNOWLWDGEMENT Little achievements often require long, tortuous effort and bitter experiences including some sacrifices. And this is only possible when the almighty GOD keeps his handful of blessings on the head of anybody. I would like to submit everything beneath the feet of GOD.

5 I would like to acknowledge my approbation & humility to my esteemed faculties and my admired guide Dr. Suman Jha, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Life Science, , Rourkela, for his constant counseling and proper guidance through out my project work. I am extremely thankful to Manoranjan Akra, scholar, Dept. of Life Science, , Rourkela, for his encouragement, help and personal interest during my work. I would like to extend all my gratitude to my all faculties Dr. Patra, Associate Professor (HOD), Dept.

6 Of Life Science, , Rourkela, Dr. Surajit Das, Dr. Sujit Bhutia, Dr. Suman Jha, Dr. Bibekanand Mallik, Miss Bismita Nayak, Assistant Professors, Dept. of Life Science, , Rourkela, for their constant encouragement. I would like to Mr. Bivas Das for constant help in this project. I may be failing in my duties if I do not thank all my batch mates for their constant encouragement. I would more than ever like to thank Kavita Viswakarma for her constant help through out my work. Page | 5 Inadequate thought in terms of words and expression, this dissertation owes a lot to my beloved parents for their support, suggestions, inspiration, encouragement & good wishes for the success of my dissertation.

7 Lastly, I bow my head before my mother Smt. Minati Panigrahi and my father Mr. Panigrahi for their supreme sacrifice & eternal benediction in evolving my personality. Their ocean like bowl of care, shower of love and affection as well as inspiration have made this dissertation a great success. Tamasa panigrahi Page | 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 12-14 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 16-33 Nanoparticles 17 Types of nanoparticles 18 SILVER nanoparticles 18 Methods for nanoparticle SYNTHESIS 19 Need for green SYNTHESIS 23 Nanosilver 23 Why SILVER ?

8 24 Action of SILVER nanoparticles on microbes 25 Applications of SILVER nanoparticles and their incorporation into other materials 27 Toxicity of SILVER nanoparticles 31 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 35-37 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 39-53 5 CONCLUSION 55 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 57-70 Page | 7 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES PAGE NO. Figure. 1 Various features contributing to the diversity of engineered nanoparticles. The same chemical can generate a wide variety of nanoparticles 17 Figure.

9 2 Various modes of action of SILVER nanoparticles on bacteria 26 Figure. 3 Overview of nanoparticle applications 27 Figure. 4 Picture of Azadirachta indica leaves 34 Figure. 5 Picture of Acorus calamus rhizomes 35 Figure. 6 UV-vis spectra of Aacorus. calamus at different time interval 39 Figure. 7 UV-vis spectra of Azadirachta indica 30:1 ratio at different time interval 39 Figure. 8 UV-vis spectra of Azadirachta indica 60:1 ratio at different time interval 40 Figure. 9 UV-vis spectra of Azadirachta indica 120:1 ratio at different time interval 40 Figure.

10 10 UV-vis spectra of Azadirachta indica 240:1 ratio at different time interval 41 Figure. 11 SEM image for 30:1 ratio SILVER nanoparticles 42 Figure. 12 SEM image for 60:1 ratio SILVER nanoparticles 42 Figure. 13 SEM image for 120:1 ratio SILVER nanoparticles 43 Figure. 14 SEM image for 240:1 ratio SILVER nanoparticles 43 Figure. 15 DLS result for 30:1 ratio SILVER nanoparticles 45 Figure. 16 DLS result for 60:1 ratio SILVER nanoparticles 45 Figure. 17 DLS result for 120:1 ratio SILVER nanoparticles 46 Figure.