TABLE OF CONTENTS 2-24-03 - CNY RPDB

1 TABLE of CONTENTS Page vi ONEIDA LAKE STATE OF THE LAKE AND WATERSHED REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page List of List of List of Chapter I: INTRODUCTION Section 1. The State of the Lake and Watershed Section 2. Project History: The Oneida Lake and Watershed Protection Section 3. Current Watershed Management I-2 Watershed Improvement Tributary Project Watershed Central New Education and Section 4. Program Section 5. Key Section 6. Project Section 7. Committee Oneida Lake Watershed Task Oneida Lake Watershed Advisory Oneida Lake Watershed Agricultural Advisory Committee ..I-9 Section 8. Project Tasks and Chapter II: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Section 1. Regional Cortland Lewis County ..II-1 Madison Oneida Onondaga Oswego Overlapping Tug Hill Oneida Indian II-5 Section 2. Oneida Lake: Limnology and Ecology.

2 II-6 Oneida Lake s Physical Bathymetry and Physical II-7 Ice Thermal Water Residence II-14 Sediment Characteristics and Sedimentation II-14 Oneida Lake s Chemical pH, Alkalinity, Anions/Cations and Dissolved Soluble Reactive Dissolved II-20 Heavy Metals, Pesticides and TABLE of CONTENTS Page vii Oneida Lake s Biological The Fish The Role of Exotic Species and Other Human-Related Pathogens and Indicator II-43 Moving Into the Section 3. Watershed The Oswego River The Oneida Lake Land Lake Ontario II-51 Appalachian Tug Hill Bedrock Areas of Geologic General Overview of Surface Water General Overview of Groundwater Flora and Tug Hill Lake Ontario Appalachian Rare, Threatened and Endangered II-66 Wetlands in the Oneida Lake II-67 Wetland NYS DEC Regulated Wetlands Reserve II-70 Great Swamp Conservancy, Section 4.

3 Subwatershed Chittenango Creek Cowaselon Creek II-73 Fish Creek Limestone/Butternut Creek Oneida Creek II-80 Oneida Lake North Shore II-83 Wood Creek Fisheries of the Oneida Lake Tributary Fish Monitoring Water Quality Monitoring in the Oneida Lake Biological Project Watershed Central New Stream Erosion II-97 USGS Gaging Rotating Intensive Basin Studies (RIBS).. II-99 Priority Waterbodies TABLE of CONTENTS Page viii Chapter III: ECONOMIC PROFILE Section 1. Section 2. Demographics, Occupation, Employment and Age and Educational Employment, Business and Retail Labor Force by Empire Zones Oneida Indian Section 3. Watershed Water and Sewer The New York State Canal III-15 Section 4. Tourism and Recreational III-16 Regional Attractions and Annual Parks and Recreational Water-Based Boating and Fishing Section 5.

4 Economic Impacts From Chapter IV: HUMAN INFLUENCES Section 1. Land Section 2. Agricultural Land Overview of Agriculture in the Oneida Lake Farm Size and Soils and Farm Farm Operation Importance of Agriculture in the Oneida Lake Agricultural Programs and IV-10 Livestock Agricultural Environmental Management (AEM) Program AEM and Its role in the Oneida Lake Watershed Agricultural IV-13 Farmland Protection Agricultural Other Agricultural Trends in Section 3. Water Supply Drinking Water Pollution Water Supply Protection and NYS Source Water Assessment Program (SWAP)..IV-23 Major Water Suppliers ..IV-24 Onondaga County and the Syracuse Metropolitan Madison Oneida Lewis Oswego Section 4. Wastewater Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the Oneida Lake IV-28 Lewis Madison Oneida Onondaga TABLE of CONTENTS Page ix Oswego Regulation of Municipal Wastewater IV-30 On-Site Sewage Disposal Regulation of On-Site Wastewater Environmental Constraints to On-Site Sewage Section 5.

5 Water Level Oneida s Importance to the Establishing Ideal Operation of Dams and From the Ideal to the Section 6. Oneida Lake Watershed Observed Water Regulatory New York State Canal New York State Department of Environmental Federal Emergency Management United States Army Corps of IV-47 Local IV-48 Flood Ancillary Section 7. NYS DEC Regulated Land Use Discharge Permits (SPDES)..IV-50 Solid and Hazardous Solid Waste ..IV-56 Inactive Hazardous IV-58 Underground and Aboveground Chemical and Petroleum Bulk IV-59 Hazardous Natural Resources Land Oil and Gas Chapter V: INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY INFLUENCES Section 1. Organizational and Political County County County Advisory Intermunicipal State NYS Department of Environmental Conservation NYS Department of Transportation V-5 NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation NYS Canal V-5 Regional NYS Association of Regional V-6 Tug Hill and Lake Oneida Cazenovia Tioughnioga Lake (DeRuyter Reservoir).

6 V-8 Tuscarora Lake (Erieville Reservoir)..V-9 Panther Kasoag Section 2. Federal Regulations and TABLE of CONTENTS Page x Environmental Protection Clean Water Stormwater and Erosion Section 404 National Flood Insurance Safe Drinking Water Agricultural V-13 Section 3. State Regulations and Environmental Priority Waterbodies V-15 State Environmental Quality Review V-15 State Pollutant Discharge Elimination Freshwater Wetlands V-16 Stream Protection Agricultural Non-Point Source Abatement and Control V-17 NYS Agricultural Districts Finger Lakes Lake Ontario Watershed Protection Section 4. Local Comprehensive Zoning Subdivision Site Plan Other Specific Local V-23 Erosion and Sediment Flood Wellhead or Water Supply Open Space or Conservation V-25 Chapter VI: ISSUES OF CONCERN Section 1.

7 Section 2. Issues Section 3. Specific Issues of Concern by Limestone/Butternut Creek North Shore Northern Upland Eastern Southern Upland South Shore Chapter VII: DATA GAPS Section 1. Economic and Environmental Data Section 2. Water Quality and Monitoring Section 3. Program Section 4. Digital Data Collection, Analysis and Mapping Chapter VIII: AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS Chapter IX: CONCLUSIONS: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? TABLE of CONTENTS Page xi Appendices Appendix A: References Appendix B: Glossary of Acronyms Appendix C: Glossary of Terms Appendix D: Watershed Advisory Council By-Laws Appendix E: NY Natural Heritage Report Appendix F: Nutrient and Sediment Loss from Oneida Lake South Shore Tributaries Appendix G: 1999 Streambank Erosion Surveys Appendix H: Rotating Intensive Basin Studies (RIBS) Appendix I: Priority Waterbodies List (PWL) Appendix J: Oneida Lake and Watershed Municipal Survey, Winter 2002 Appendix K: Additional Comments