Table of Contents

1 Table of Contents Page Introduction 1 Bed Bug: Biology and Control 3 Bed Bugs - Importance, Biology, and Control Strategies - Armed Forces Pest Management Board Tech. Guide No. 44 17 Fumigation, Steam, Dusting and Labor 35 Vikane Gas Fumigant for Eliminating Bed Bugs 43 Procedures for Vikane Gas Fumigant in Trailers 47 The FumiscopeTM for Measuring Concentrations of Vikane Gas Fumigant During Fumigation 49 Interscan GF-1900 sulfuryl fluoride monitors 55 Vikane Fumigation Log Form 59 Economical Heat Treatment for Bedbugs 61 Economical.

2 Localized Heat Treatment for Control of Bed Bugs infestations 69 Crack and Crevice Treatment for Bed Bugs 73 Appendices Vikane Specimen Label Vikane Material Safety Data Sheet Chloropicrin Specimen Label Chloropicrin Material Safety Data Sheet Bed Bug IPMUniv. of Florida - Sept. 2008i Bed Bug IPMUniv. of Florida - Sept. 2008ii Bed Bugs: Containerized Fumigation, Heat Treatment and Other Control Methods Bed bugs are rapidly becoming one of the most important urban pests. The rapid bed bug resurgence and the predominance of insecticide-resistant strains in the have taken many pest control managers by surprise.

3 The need for new methods for management of bed bug infestations demands urgent action by the pest management and Extension personnel all over the country and abroad. Bed bugs infestations are found both in rooms (under carpet, behind baseboards, inside electrical outlet, etc) as well as in room Contents (bed frames, mattresses, furniture, clothing, etc). While the application of residual pesticides may provide adequate control of these pests in the infested rooms, applications of chemical pesticides is not always desirable, or adequate for elimination of bed bugs from room Contents .

4 This is especially true about beds, sofas, and other furniture that have prolonged and direct contact with human users, which can potentially result in considerable transfer of chemical pesticides to people. The purpose of this workshop is to demonstrate methods for control of bed bugs in room Contents , as a separate component of the overall bed bug control strategy. Containerized fumigation with insecticidal gas and containerized heat treatment of room Contents will be discussed along with other control methods that form the basis for a sound integrated management of bed bug infestations.

5 Bed Bug IPMUniv. of Florida - Sept. 20081 Bed Bug IPMUniv. of Florida - Sept. 20082 BedBed BugsBugsBiology and ControlBiology and ControlUniversity of Florida, Dept. of Entomology & NematologyUniversity of Florida, Dept. of Entomology & NematologyUrban Entomology Entomology : HemipteraOrder: HemipteraSub-Order: Heteroptera - Stink bugsSub-Order: Heteroptera - Stink bugsScientific Name: Scientific Name: CimexCimex lectulariuslectularius L. Name: Common Bed BugCommon Name: Common Bed BugWhy are bedbugs a problem now (again) ?

6 Why are bedbugs a problem now (again) ?1. Greater human mobility1. Greater human mobility2. Less use of any residuals 2. Less use of any residuals last 5-6 yrs last 5-6 yrs3. Significant switch to baits for roaches & ants3. Significant switch to baits for roaches & ants4. Many PMPs are not familiar w/ bed bugs4. Many PMPs are not familiar w/ bed bugs - inadequate survey, wrong ID, incomplete treatment- inadequate survey, wrong ID, incomplete treatment5. Pyrethroids used in most accounts are repellent5. Pyrethroids used in most accounts are repellent - bugs do not get a lethal dose (esp.)

7 In deep cracks)- bugs do not get a lethal dose (esp. in deep cracks) - harborages easy to miss in first survey - harborages easy to miss in first survey - bugs may detect & avoid residual treatments - bugs may detect & avoid residual treatments - bug pop. often - bug pop. often splitsplit or move from such treatments or move from such treatments 6. People 6. People maymay call call anyany unknown bite - unknown bite - bed bugsbed bugs Medical ImportanceMedical Importance- Found naturally infected w/ - Found naturally infected w/ >>28 human28 humanpathogenspathogens- Never proven to transmit any human disease- Never proven to transmit any human disease- Several species feed on humans- Several species feed on humans(Common & Tropical Bed Bugs, Bat Bugs, & Poultry Bugs)(Common & Tropical Bed Bugs, Bat Bugs, & Poultry Bugs)

8 - Salivary proteins cause - Salivary proteins cause sensitivitysensitivity to torepeated bites by large numbers of bed bugsrepeated bites by large numbers of bed bugs55 stagesstages: no reaction; delayed reaction; both immediate: no reaction; delayed reaction; both immediate immediate reaction only; & finally, no reaction immediate reaction only; & finally, no reactionTrue hypersensitivity can develop (but it is reversible)True hypersensitivity can develop (but it is reversible)- Serious social stigma to having an infestation- Serious social stigma to having an infestationWhat Are They?

9 What Are They? Blood feeding parasitesBlood feeding parasitesof Humans, birds andof Humans, birds andother animals. mm mm 1 cm long, flat, 1 cm long, flat,ovoid, with no wings*ovoid, with no wings* Brown to Dark RedBrown to Dark Red(Adult)(Adult) Tan (Newly Hatched)Tan (Newly Hatched)Bed Bugs are Thin and FlatBed Bugs are Thin and FlatBed Bug IPMUniv. of Florida - Sept. 20083 EngorgedEngorgedUnfedUnfedEngorged Nymphs - 1 & 2 Engorged Nymphs - 1 & 2 Small Small 3/16 inch long, oval, flat, 3/16 inch long, oval, flat,reddish brown insectsreddish brown insects True bugs - w/ 3-seg.

10 Beak, 4-seg. True bugs - w/ 3-seg. beak, Vestigial wings & a thin coat of fine Vestigial wings & a thin coat of finegolden hairsgolden hairs Give off a distinctive Give off a distinctive musty,musty,sweetishsweetish odor - stink bug smell odor - stink bug smell Partly digested blood in feces causes Partly digested blood in feces causes rustyrusty spots spots Males Males pointed abdomen pointed abdomen Females Females rounded abdomen rounded abdomenDorsal View Dorsal View Head & ThoraxHead & ThoraxVentral View - Ventral View - Head & ThoraxHead & ThoraxBed Bug Bed Bug vsvs.