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TABLE OF CONTENTS - Panachem

TABLE OF CONTENTS . GENERIC INFORMATION ..1. PROPERTIES ..1. General Properties ..1. Stability and Reactivity ..1. TRAINING AND JOB SAFETY ..2. Employee Education and Training ..2. Process Hazards Analysis ..2. HEALTH INFORMATION ..2. Toxicity ..2. Industrial Hygiene ..3. First Aid ..3. Personal Protective Equipment ..4. BULK STORAGE AND HANDLING ..5. Building Design ..5. Storage Equipment Guidelines ..5. Unloading into Storage Tanks ..7. Tank and Equipment Cleaning and Repairs ..7. BULK TRANSPORT ..8. Unloading Bulk Shipments from Tank Cars and Tank Trucks ..8. Shipping ..9. STORAGE AND HANDLING OF DRUMS ..9. LABELING AND PLACARDING ..9. CONTROL OF VAPORS AND. WASTE DISPOSAL ..12. General ..12. Air Pollution Control ..12. Discharge to Navigable Waters ..13. Discharge to Municipal Sewers ..13. Disposal of Wastes ..13. EMERGENCIES ..13. Fires ..13. Spill Hazards.

2 tion of the monomer with atmospheric moisture and the attendant hydrolysis to acetic acid and acetaldehyde. Because of vinyl acetate’s reactivity, it must be kept

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Transcription of TABLE OF CONTENTS - Panachem

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS . GENERIC INFORMATION ..1. PROPERTIES ..1. General Properties ..1. Stability and Reactivity ..1. TRAINING AND JOB SAFETY ..2. Employee Education and Training ..2. Process Hazards Analysis ..2. HEALTH INFORMATION ..2. Toxicity ..2. Industrial Hygiene ..3. First Aid ..3. Personal Protective Equipment ..4. BULK STORAGE AND HANDLING ..5. Building Design ..5. Storage Equipment Guidelines ..5. Unloading into Storage Tanks ..7. Tank and Equipment Cleaning and Repairs ..7. BULK TRANSPORT ..8. Unloading Bulk Shipments from Tank Cars and Tank Trucks ..8. Shipping ..9. STORAGE AND HANDLING OF DRUMS ..9. LABELING AND PLACARDING ..9. CONTROL OF VAPORS AND. WASTE DISPOSAL ..12. General ..12. Air Pollution Control ..12. Discharge to Navigable Waters ..13. Discharge to Municipal Sewers ..13. Disposal of Wastes ..13. EMERGENCIES ..13. Fires ..13. Spill Hazards.

2 14. Shipping Containers Damaged En Route ..15. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..15. APPENDIX: Partial List of Government Regulations and Agency Recommendations ..15. 1. GENERIC INFORMATION hydroquinone inhibitor to function effectively in vinyl acetate storage and handling; the monomer is actually TABLE I: Names more stable the lower the oxygen concentration. Blanketing with a dry gas also eliminates contamina- Chemical Name vinyl acetate Common Name vinyl acetate Synonyms Acetic Acid, vinyl Ester TABLE II : Properties and Characteristics of vinyl acetate Acetic Acid, Ethenyl Ester vinyl acetate monomer Formula Weight VAM Physical State Liquid Ethenyl acetate 1-Acetoxyethylene Flammable Limits (Vol. % LEL: in Air at 760 mm Hg) UEL: CAS Name Acetic Acid, Ethenyl Ester CA Registry Number 108-05-4 Flash Point Tag Closed Cup (ASTM D 56) -8 C (18 F). Chemical Formula CH3 COOCH=CH2 Tag Open Cup (ASTM D 1310) -4 C (25 F).

3 Autoignition Temperature C (800 F). Boiling Point at 760 mm Hg C ( F). 2. PROPERTIES Relative Evaporation Rate (n-Butyl acetate = 1). General Properties Vapor Pressure See TABLE II at 60 C mm Hg All referenced data (except for heat of combustion) at 40 C mm Hg are the DIPPR (Design Institute for Physical Property at 20 C mm Hg Data) values, when available, as of September 1993. Antoine Equation Coefficients Log P = A - (B/(T + C)). Log = Base 10, T = C, P = mm Hg Range = 10 to 83 C. The DIPPR Data Compilation File is developed under A the direction of the AIChE and is updated annually. B This database is accessible for on-line computer C searching. For more information contact: Critical Temperature 246 C. American Institute of Chemical Engineers Critical Pressure psia ( atm). 345 E. 47th Street Color Clear and colorless New York, NY 10017. Specific Gravity (20/20 C) Telephone (212) 705-7332.

4 Vapor Density (Air = ) Stability and Reactivity Viscosity at 20 C cps vinyl acetate is always shipped containing a polymer- Freezing Point C (-135 F). ization inhibitor. Properly inhibited, vinyl acetate is Heat of Combustion (25 C) Kcal/mole stable under recommended storage conditions. Higher Heat of Vaporization (1 atm) cal/g temperatures or contamination may cause rapid and Heat of Formation (liquid at 25 C) Kcal/mole uncontrolled polymerization. Pressure generation Heat of Polymerization Kcal/mole during such polymerization may rupture insufficiently Specific Heat at 20 C (liquid) cal/gram C. vented containers. Drums of vinyl acetate should be Odor Not unpleasant, stored out of direct sunlight; the shelf life decreases sweetish smell in with increasing temperature and decreasing inhibitor small quantities. concentration. For instance, drums inhibited with 3-5 Reactivity Reactive with self and ppm hydroquinone may be stored at temperatures up variety of other chem- icals.

5 Stable when to 30 C (86 F) for periods not exceeding 6 months. properly stored and Drums of vinyl acetate inhibited with 14-17 ppm inhibited. See Section hydroquinone may be stored at temperatures up to for details. 30 C (86 F) for periods not exceeding 1 year. Bulk Water Solubility storage of vinyl acetate at ambient temperatures is an vinyl acetate in Water at 20 C % by weight acceptable practice when there is turnover of the tank Water in vinyl acetate at 20 C 1 % by weight CONTENTS every 60 days or less. Inhibitor levels should Light Sensitivity Light promotes be monitored if a stability problem is suspected. polymerization Although storage of vinyl acetate under either air or Electrical Conductivity at 23 C x 104 pS/m inert gas is acceptable, storage under air will result in (1 S = 1 mho). the head space's having a flammable vapor composition Refractive index, nD20 at normal temperatures.

6 It is thus safer to blanket the Surface tension (20 C) dynes/cm vinyl acetate under an inert atmosphere. This is possible Coefficient of cubical expansion .00137 per C at 20 C. because dissolved oxygen is not necessary for the tion of the monomer with atmospheric moisture and Hazards identified by the review must be addressed the attendant hydrolysis to acetic acid and acetaldehyde. in a timely manner. Process hazard analyses must also Because of vinyl acetate 's reactivity, it must be kept be repeated with a frequency defined by government out of contact with peroxides, hydroperoxides, hydro- regulations, or in the event of an incident. gen peroxide, azo compounds, and other polymerization Where engineering controls are used to control haz- initiators, as well as strong acids, alkalis or oxidizing ards, the purpose and importance of keeping them in agents.

7 Exposure to sunlight, ultraviolet light, or service and good repair must be part of the training of X-rays may result in spontaneous polymerization. the personnel responsible for handling and using vinyl vinyl acetate should be stored and handled in rust- acetate . Where extremely critical processing steps are free carbon steel or mild steel equipment. Stainless identified in advance, appropriate levels of supervisory steel, aluminum, and high baked phenolic-lined steel control should be established. are also suitable. However, many other common lining Where engineering controls cannot completely eliminate materials are attacked by vinyl acetate . Copper, copper hazards, procedures must be in place to assure safety alloys (such as brass or admiralty metal), zinc and and personnel must be supplied with and trained in the galvanized steel should not come into contact with vinyl use of personal protective equipment.

8 Where appropri- acetate because of possible adverse effects on end uses. ate, signs should be posted to emphasize the hazard, the use of protective equipment and limitation of access to authorized personnel. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) with safety information and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs). should be available to the workers at all times, and should be the basis for training the workers. Audits of work practices should be conducted regularly to assure compliance with all recommended safety and operating guidelines. 3. TRAINING AND JOB SAFETY. Employee Education and Training Because of the hazards associated with vinyl acetate , all personnel with responsibilities for handling it should be made familiar with its properties and should be thoroughly trained on the storage and handling requirements, including all applicable government occupational safety, health and environmental regu- 4.

9 HEALTH INFORMATION. lations. Furthermore, the training should be conducted by persons with knowledge and experience in these Toxicity areas and must also, at a minimum, meet the require- For current and more detailed information on chronic ments of government regulations. and acute toxicity of vinyl acetate , review your supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or contact your Process Hazard Analysis supplier. Each step in the process of handling and using vinyl As with all chemical substances, the health effects acetate should be reviewed for hazards. The review associated with vinyl acetate depend upon how much should cover the appropriateness of the equipment and of the substance one is exposed to and the duration of the procedures for using the equipment. The review that exposure. Exposure-related health effects usually team should include personnel directly involved in the increase with increasing exposure levels (or concentra- operation, as well as technical and safety specialists.)

10 Tions) and exposure periods. It is also recognized that The safety review must meet the requirements of for most types of adverse health effects, there is a government regulations ( , OSHA 29 CFR ) threshold level of exposure to the chemical below and should include evaluations of: which the effect will not occur. process design and process controls vinyl acetate 's odor may be pleasant at first, but personal protective equipment quickly becomes more irritating. Its odor in air can be government regulations, including occupational detected at approximately ppm. vinyl acetate vapor safety, health and environmental requirements is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract; the liquid response to foreseeable emergency situations is irritating to the skin. Most people find concentrations safety equipment, such as shower and eyewash sta- of 20 ppm to be irritating to the throat and experience tions, fire extinguishers, alarms, ventilation, relief coughing or hoarseness.


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