Tall Walls Workbook - CWC

1 SINGLE STOREY COMMERCIALWOOD STRUCTURESSINGLE STOREY COMMERCIALWOOD STRUCTURESTall WallsWorkbookWood Works! is a project of the Canadian Wood Council tall WallsWorkbookA guide to designing wood stud Walls up to m (35 ft) high for single storey commercial wood structuresCanadian Wood CouncilConseilcanadiendu bois 2000 CopyrightCanadian Wood CouncilConseil canadien du bois1400 Blair Place, Suite 210 Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaK1J 9B8 0-921628-59-58M00-3 Photographs courtesy of:Crestbrook Forest Schaefer Architect and production:Eton SystemsPrinting:Lomor Printers with the financial assistance of Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServicePrinted in Canada on recycled paperiiTall Walls WorkbookTall Walls WorkbookiiiPrefaceIn Canada, wood is well suited to commercial build-ings of one to four storeys. The modifications to thefire resistance requirements in building codes andthe development of stronger engineered wood prod-ucts has expanded the permitted use of wood tolonger spans with heavier loads.

2 A new series ofdesign publications has been produced to assistspecifiers of larger commercial wood structures. Aprevious publication, Design and Costing Workbook ,gives detailed design and costing information for asingle storey commercial building typical of retail orcommercial buildings up to 14400 m2. The Designand Costing Workbookcan be downloaded ordered from theCanadian Wood Council at follow-up publication provides detailed infor-mation on stud and tall wall design for commercialand industrial buildings which typically feature wallheights over m (20 ft).The tall Walls Workbookprovides stud tables forlumber studs and studs made from engineeredwood products up to m (35 ft). In addition, adetailed design example of a manufacturing facilityis provided describing structural, thermal and fireconsiderations for tall Canadian Wood Council has a complete set ofpublications and design tools to facilitate designingand building with wood.

3 These include the WoodDesign Manual 1995,referenced in the example, andthe complete software for wood design,WoodWorks Design Office. WoodWorks DesignOffice includes SIZER, CONNECTIONS and SHEAR- Walls to assist in the design process. A workingdemonstration of the software can be viewed The latest software, CodeCHEK, is a feasibility toolallowing the user to easily determine if a building ,based on size and occupancy, is permitted to bebuilt with wood according to the building Code. This free applet, or downloadable software, is availableat same web sitealso contains supplementary information on tall particular, the web site contains the easy-to-useTallWALL sizer that provides stud sizes for a widerrange of materials, lengths and load conditions thanthe stud tables published in this Workbook . a feedback form used tocollect your comments.

4 Your comments play animportant role in assisting the Canadian WoodCouncil to meet its goal of providing valuable designaids, such as this addition to structural and economic factors, envi-ronmental concerns may play a role in constructionproject decision making. In this area, wood has thefollowing advantages: Wood is the only major building material that isrenewable The volume of wood in Canada s commercialforests has increased over the past 20 years Wood produces less pollution during manufactur-ing and use than any other building material Wood provides superior energy savings becauseof its thermal effort has been made to ensure the data andinformation in this publication are as accurate aspossible. The Canadian Wood Council does not,however, assume any responsibility for errors oromissions in the publication nor for any designs orplans prepared from more information, contact the Canadian WoodCouncil at Canadian Wood Council acknowledges thecontributions of the following in the preparation ofthis Cunliffe.

5 P. Eng, Cunliffe and Associates Ltd. Consulting Structural EngineersNatural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceivTall Walls WorkbookTable of Contents Introduction 1 Stud Tables 3 Lumber Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 5 Lumber Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 8 Lumber Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 11 SelecTem Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 14 SelecTem Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 15 SelecTem Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 16 Timberstrand Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 17 Timberstrand Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 18 Timberstrand Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa.

6 Q1/10 kPa 19 Westlam Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 20 Westlam Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 21 Westlam Studs for Wind Loads q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 22 West Fraser LVL Studs mm thick - q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 23 West Fraser LVL Studs mm thick - q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 24 West Fraser LVL Studs mm thick - q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 25 West Fraser LVL Studs mm thick - q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 26 West Fraser LVL Studs mm thick - q1/30 kPa; q1/10 kPa 27 West Fraser LVL Studs mm thick - q1/30 kPa.

7 Q1/10 kPa 28 Example 29 Overview of building 29 Stud Design 30 Stud Connection Design 39 Shearwall Design 42 Lateral Load Path and Overturning 42 Shear Panel Design 45 Chord Design 45 Anchor Bolt Design 47 Drag Strut Design 49 Design of Members and Connections Around the Wall Opening 51 Lintel Member and Connection Design 51 Jack Post Stud Design 54 King Post Member and Connection Design 54 Non-structural considerations 56 Fire Resistance Rating 56 Thermal Resistance 56 tall Walls Workbook v viTall Walls WorkbookTall Walls Workbook11.

8 IntroductionThis Workbook is intended to assist in determiningthe feasibility of using wood for the design of tallwalls in commercial and industrial structures and toprovide a step-by-step guide to the design of thesewalls. The popularity of single storey commercialprojects, coupled with the wide availability of woodin Canada presents designers with many opportuni-ties to use wood economically in these design tables for both lumber and engineeredwood studs and a design example are provided todemonstrate wood s suitability for engineered tallwall engineered tall Walls described in thisWorkbook are extensions of the traditional studwalls used in Canada for over a hundred years. Thetraditional stud wall has proven to be such asuccessful construction technique because: The wood studs and framing can efficiently resistthe snow loads on the roof and the wind loads onthe wall and remove the need for an additionalload bearing frame.

9 When sheathing is added to the studs, the wall isvery effective in resisting the lateral racking loadscaused by wind and earthquakes. The Walls can be easily insulated to provide excel-lent thermal resistance. Wood stud Walls are readily finished with a widerange of finishing materials. Stud Walls can be modified to adapt to the chang-ing needs of the same rationale that has made the traditionalstud wall so successful can be applied to the tallerstud Walls required for commercial lumber sizes or engineered wood productscan be used to obtain the same wall strength intaller and longer Walls . Shearwalls and connectionscan readily be designed to provide the requiredlateral resistance. Thermal requirements can beeasily achieved with tall stud Walls . By paying atten-tion to details and selecting the correct finishingmaterials, tall stud Walls can meet the more strin-gent fire and acoustical separation requirements formost commercial publication is a design tool for tall Walls used insingle storey commercial structures.

10 It will assist inevaluating the feasibility of using these Walls andmay also aid in design. This Workbook includes: Stud tables to determine the feasibility of buildinga tall wall out of wood studs. A step by step design example for a tall wall toassist in Workbook is subdivided as follows:1. INTRODUCTION gives background STUD TABLES are provided for lumber studs upto m (20 ft) and proprietary engineered woodstuds up to m (35 ft). These stud tables areintended for use in determining the feasibility ofusing tall wood stud Walls for a given a commercial application, a fully engineereddesign is required for each tall wall to considerthe specific design considerations for that site,the connections and the other details required. Inaddition to the stud wall tables presented in theWorkbook, easy to use TallWALL sizer that provides studsizes for a wider range of materials, lengths andload EXAMPLE provides a detailed design example of m (25 ft 4 in) tall wall using the CrestbrookValue Added Centre in Cranbrook, BC.