Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010 [FR243]

1 TanzaniaDemographic and Health Survey2010 Tanzania 2010 Demographic and Health SurveyNBS VisionTo be a preferable source of official statistics in TanzaniaNBS MissionTo facilitate informed decision-making process, through provision of relevant, timely and reliable user-driven statistical information, coordinating statistical activities and promoting the adherence to statistical methodologies and standards United Republic of Tanzania Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010 National Bureau of Statistics dar es salaam , Tanzania ICF Macro Calverton, Maryland, USA April 2011 The 2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (2010 TDHS) was implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) from December 19, 2009 to May 23, 2010. Funding for the Survey was provided by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW), Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre (TFNC), Department for International Development (DFID), World Health Organization (WHO)/Zanzibar), United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and Irish Aid.

2 ICF Macro provided technical assistance for the Survey through its MEASURE DHS programme. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency for International Development or the Government of Tanzania . Additional information about the Survey may be obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics Director General, Box 796, dar es salaam , Tanzania (Telephone: 255-22-212-2724; Email: or National Bureau of Statistics General Office, Box 796, dar es salaam , Tanzania (Telephone: 255-22-212-2722/3; Fax 255-22-213-0852; website: ). Information about the DHS programme may be obtained from MEASURE DHS, ICF Macro, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705, USA; Telephone: 301-572-0200, Fax: 301-572-0999, E-mail: Internet: Recommended citation: National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [ Tanzania ] and ICF Macro.)

3 2011. Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010. dar es salaam , Tanzania : NBS and ICF Macro. Contents | iii CONTENTS Page TABLES AND ix xvii SUMMARY OF xix MAP OF xvi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Geography, History, and the Economy ..1 Population, Family Planning, and HIV Policies and Objectives and Organisation of the Survey ..5 CHAPTER 2 HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS Population by Age and Household Composition ..12 Children s Living Arrangements and Parental Survival ..13 Education of the Household Population ..15 Educational School Attendance Rates ..18 Household Drinking Household Sanitation Facilities.

4 23 Housing Household Possessions ..25 Wealth Index ..26 Birth Household Food Security ..29 CHAPTER 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS Characteristics of Survey Respondents ..31 Educational Attainment ..33 Literacy ..36 Access to Mass Media ..38 Employment ..41 Employment Occupation ..44 iv Contents Adult Health Health Insurance Coverage.

5 47 Tobacco Use ..51 CHAPTER 4 FERTILITY LEVELS, TRENDS, AND DIFFERENTIALS Current Fertility Differentials by Background Fertility Trends ..58 Children Ever Born and Living ..60 Birth Intervals ..61 Age at First Teenage Pregnancy and CHAPTER 5 FERTILITY REGULATION Knowledge of Contraceptive Current Use of Contraceptive Methods ..68 Trends in Contraceptive Use ..69 Current Use of Contraception by Background Characteristics ..70 Current Use of Socially Marketed Pill Brands ..72 Current Use of Socially Marketed Condom Brands ..72 Knowledge of Fertile Period.

6 73 Source of Supply ..74 Informed Choice ..75 Future Use of Contraception ..76 Exposure to Family Planning Messages ..77 Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers ..80 Spousal Discussion about Family Exposure to Family Planning CHAPTER 6 OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY Current Marital Status ..91 Polygyny ..92 Age at First Marriage ..94 Age at First Sexual Recent Sexual Activity ..99 Postpartum Amenorrhoea, Abstinence, and 103 Menopause .. 106 CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES Desire for More Children .. 107 Desire to Limit Childbearing by Background Characteristics .. 109 Need for Family Planning 110 Ideal Number of Children.

7 112 Mean Ideal Number of Children by Background characteristics .. 114 Fertility Planning Status .. 114 Contents | v Wanted Fertility Rates .. 115 CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY Levels and Trends in Infant and Child 117 Data Quality .. 119 Socioeconomic Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality .. 120 Demographic Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality .. 122 Perinatal 124 High-Risk Fertility Behaviour .. 125 CHAPTER 9 MATERNAL Health Antenatal Care .. 127 Coverage of Antenatal 127 Number of ANC Visits, Timing of First Visit, and Source Where ANC Was Received .. 129 Components of Antenatal 130 Tetanus Toxoid Injections.

8 132 Place of Delivery .. 134 Assistance during 136 Postnatal Care .. 138 Problems in Accessing Health Care .. 141 Fistula .. 142 CHAPTER 10 CHILD Health Child s Size at Birth .. 143 Vaccination Coverage .. 145 Vaccinations by Background Characteristics .. 146 Trends in Vaccination Coverage .. 148 Acute Respiratory Infection .. 149 Diarrhoeal Disease .. 151 Prevalence of Diarrhoea .. 151 Treatment of Diarrhoea .. 153 Feeding Practices during 154 Knowledge of ORS Packets.

9 156 Stool Disposal .. 158 Disposal of Children s Stools .. 158 CHAPTER 11 CHILDREN S AND WOMEN S NUTRITION Nutritional Status of Children .. 161 Measurement of Nutritional Status among Young Children .. 161 Data 162 Measures of Child Nutrition Status .. 163 Trends in Children s Nutritional Status .. 166 vi Contents Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding .. 167 Initiation of Breastfeeding .. 167 Breastfeeding Status by Age .. 169 Duration and Frequency of Breastfeeding .. 171 Types of Complementary 172 Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices .. 173 Prevalence of Anaemia in Children .. 175 Micronutrient Intake among 177 Iodisation of Household Salt.

10 181 Nutritional Status of Women .. 182 Micronutrient Intake among Mothers .. 184 Prevalence of Anaemia in Women .. 186 Micronutrient Intake among Women .. 188 CHAPTER 12 MALARIA Introduction .. 193 Mosquito Nets .. 194 Ownership of Mosquito Nets .. 194 Use of Mosquito Nets .. 196 Use of Mosquito Nets by Pregnant Women .. 199 Use of Antimalarial Drugs during Pregnancy .. 200 Treatment of Children with 202 Type and Timing of Antimalarial Drugs .. 202 Anaemia 207 CHAPTER 13 HIV AND AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOUR Introduction .. 209 HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Transmission, and Prevention Methods .. 209 Awareness of HIV/AIDS.