Teacher’s Competencies and Factors Affecting the ...

1 International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 19 [Special Issue - October 2011] 217 teacher s Competencies and Factors Affecting the performance of Female Teachers in Bahawalpur (Southern Punjab) Pakistan. Mohammad Nadeem Scholar Department of Education The Islamia University of Bahawalpur & Lecturer Government Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Musarrat Shaheen Rana Lecturer Governement Degree College for Girls Satellite Town Bahawalpur, Pakistan Abdul Hameed Lone Scholar Department of Education The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Pakistan. Saira Maqbool Lecturer Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. Khansa Naz Scholar Department of Education The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Pakistan.

2 Dr. Akhtar Ali Associate Professor Department of Education The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Pakistan. Abstract This paper is based on a study that was conducted to identify and analyse the Factors Affecting the performance of female teachers in urban and rural areas of Bahawalpur (Southern Punjab). Being descriptive study, survey method was adopted for data collection to find out the Factors . A group of 1020 students and 204 teachers of high schools/higher secondary schools were recognized as sample to accomplish the study. Two questionnaires, one each for the teachers and students were developed on Likert type scale and data was collected. Data was analysed by using t-test and ANOVA in SPSS software.

3 The in depth investigation of the findings open a number of options for teachers and planners to manipulate the relationship for promoting the performance of female teachers. Poor socio-economic status of teachers affects the teacher s performance . Poor socio-economic condition of the area where school is situated decreases the teacher s motivation but society gives more respect to female teachers as compare to male teachers. Undue political interference also affects the teacher s performance . A positive relationship was found between most of the Factors and the performance of female teachers. Key Words: Female teachers performance , secondary/higher secondary schools, Punjab (Pakistan) Introduction No dynamic of teaching is possible without a dynamic teacher .

4 So an effective teacher is known through his/her effected and qualitative teaching. The Special Issue on Social Science Research Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA 218 In all education system, the performance of teachers is one of the handfuls of Factors determining school effectiveness and learning outcomes. Naik (1998) explains that teaching is noble, but demanding occupation. In order for teachers to maintain a high level of professional performance under these conditions, they must assume personal responsibility for their own performance , growth and development. Mohanty (2000) explains that teacher performance as the most crucial input in the field of education.

5 Teachers are perhaps the most critical component of any system of education. How well they teach depends on motivation, qualification, experience, training, aptitude and a mass of other Factors , not the least of these being the environment and management structures with in which they perform their role. Teachers must be seen as part of the solution, not part of the problem. Poor pay, low status and morale are key causes of poor performance and corrupt behavior in the public sector. Across the world, millions of teachers, most of them women, are working tirelessly for poverty wages educating the next generation. Smith and Glenn, (1994) explains that internal Factors have an impact on teachers feeling of success and a number of external forces can either aid or hinder a teachers success.

6 There are number of Factors that influence teacher performance . Increased duties and demands on time, low pay, and disruptive students have a significant impact on teachers attitudes toward their jobs. In addition, lack of support from staff at all levels has an effect on teacher performance . Teachers are no exception. Low pay and student conduct problems in the classroom are just a couple of issues that teachers face. Low morale among teachers is another very important problem that must be addressed if the problem of teacher shortages is going to change and ultimately improve. In order to work toward a solution, the first step is to identify those Factors that have the greatest impact on morale levels, both negative and positive.

7 Pakistan is a developing country of South Asia like other developing countries on the main reasons for its underdevelopment is the low quality education which has in turn great impact on the country s social, economical and political system. Teaching is a great profession and teachers have a great role in their students intellectual, personal and social development, there by influencing the whole nation s development. Teaching is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge. Teachers can have influence more profound than others. Infact it is an ideal teacher at the climax of his performance that brings about a positive change in the overall behavior of his students by leading them to a lofty character and to exemplary morals.

8 In Pakistan, a female teacher has the lowest representation in schools and hence the absence of female role models in educational institutions is included be one of the contributing factor to lowest participation of girls and gendered-based discrimination in education. It is considered that the shortage of the female teachers, the wider the enrolment, retention and promoting gaps are between female and male students. In this situation the female teachers are only support to which saves the girls from deep neglected imparting the light of knowledge in schools. It s a great obstacle of educational progress in developing countries like Pakistan that the female teachers are facing the lot of hurdles.

9 There are many an internal and external Factors , which affect the performance of female teachers. Reasonable salary is one incentive to encourage teachers in any profession to work harder and in a more dedicated enthusiastic manner. Good pay helps them to concentrate on their jobs without worrying about how to make ends meet every month. But at the present scenario, pay does not favour the teacher . Teachers salary packages are not adequate to minimum basic need for food, housing, clothing, education and transport. Mostly teachers are therefore worried and disinterested due to low salary and large numbers of teachers have to go from part-time jobs to meet their basic needs.

10 The other external Factors are lack of gender justice, gender disparities/threat, posting at distant from their own houses, transport problem, political instability and undue political interference. Jabeen, (2001) explain that the External Factors as well as internal Factors , which affect the performance of female teachers. This profession does not garner the status. teacher s social status is low and held in low esteem. Teachers status is lower than that of doctors, engineers, advocates, civil servants, even lower than that of a semiliterate and illiterate. A female teacher could exist of the issue of harassment is addressed. Senior teachers, principals, district level monitoring staff and educational supervisors in Pakistan harass mostly female teachers both in rural and urban areas.