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Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

Secure SustainableTogether2035204020452050 Technology RoadmapHydrogen and fuel CellsEnergy Technology PerspectivesINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYThe International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was and is two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 29 member countries and beyond.

The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was – and is – two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical …

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Transcription of Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

1 Secure SustainableTogether2035204020452050 Technology RoadmapHydrogen and fuel CellsEnergy Technology PerspectivesINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYThe International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was and is two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 29 member countries and beyond.

2 The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency s aims include the following objectives: n Secure member countries access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change.

3 N Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. n Support global collaboration on energy Technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other member countries: Australia Austria Belgium CanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinland FranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIreland ItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgNetherlandsNew Zealand NorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnit ed KingdomUnited StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA.

4 OECD/IEA, 2015 International Energy Agency 9 rue de la F d ration 75739 Paris Cedex 15, note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at 120-01-2015 17:26:341 ForewordCurrent trends in energy supply and use are patently unsustainable economically, environmentally and socially. Without decisive action, energy-related emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) will more than double by 2050 and increased fossil energy demand will heighten concerns over the security of supplies.

5 We can and must change our current path. However, this will take an energy revolution and low-carbon energy technologies will have a crucial role to play. Energy efficiency, sources of renewable energy, carbon capture and storage (CCS), nuclear power and new transport technologies will all require widespread deployment if we are to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Every major country and sector of the economy must be involved. The task is urgent if we are to make sure that investment decisions taken now do not saddle us with sub-optimal technologies in the long term.

6 Awareness is growing of the need to turn political statements and analytical work into concrete action. To drive this forward, in 2008 the G8 requested the International Energy Agency (IEA) to lead the development of a series of roadmaps for some of the most important technologies. By identifying the steps needed to accelerate the implementation of radical Technology changes, these roadmaps will enable governments, industry and financial partners to make the right choices. This will, in turn, help societies make the right and fuel cell technologies, once they are more developed can support climate change and energy security goals in several sectors of the energy system, such as the transport, industry, buidings and the power sector.

7 Hydrogen can connect different energy sectors and energy transmission and distribution (T&D) networks, and thus increase the operational flexibility of future low-carbon energy systems. It can help to: 1) achieve very low-carbon individual motorised transport; 2) integrate very high shares of variable renewable energy (VRE) into the energy system; 3) contribute to the decarbonisation of the industry and the buildings the GHG mitigation potential of Hydrogen technologies is promising, important obstacles for widespread deployment of Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies need to be overcome.

8 These barriers are mainly related to current costs of fuel Cells and electrolysers, the development of a Hydrogen T&D and retail network, as well as the cost efficient generation of Hydrogen with a low-carbon Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies are still in the early stages of commercialisation and currently struggle to compete with alternative technologies, including other low-carbon options, due to high costs. Additional attention will be required before their potential can be fully realised. Governments can help accelerate the development and deployment of Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies by ensuring continued research, development and demonstration (RD&D) funding for Hydrogen generation and conversion technologies, such as electrolysers and fuel Cells .

9 This will facilitate early commercialisation of fuel cell electric vehicles and support demonstration projects for VRE integration using Hydrogen -based energy storage applications. Overcoming risks related to investment in infrastructure hinges upon close collaboration among many stakeholders, such as the oil and gas industry, utilities and power grid providers, car manufacturers, and local, regional and national authorities. This publication is produced under my authority as Executive Director of the van der HoevenExecutive DirectorInternational Energy AgencyForewordThis publication reflects the views of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Secretariat but does not necessarily reflect those of individual IEA member countries.

10 The IEA makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, in respect to the publication s contents (including its completeness or accuracy) and shall not be responsible for any use of, or reliance on, the publication. 2 Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and fuel CellsTable of contentsForeword 1 Table of contents 2 Acknowledgements 5 Key findings 6 Cross-cutting opportunities offered by Hydrogen and fuel Cells 6 Energy storage and utilisation in transport, industry and buildings 6 Key actions in the next ten years 7 Cross-cutting opportunities offered by Hydrogen and fuel Cells 7 Energy storage and utilisation in transport, industry and buildings 7 Introduction 8 Rationale for Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies 8 Purpose.


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