TERRORISM AND COUNTER-TERRORISM - Cultures in Dialogue

1 1arches quarterlyvolume 5 edition 9 spring 2012 VOLUME 5 EDITION 9 SPRING 2012 ISSN 1756-7335 TERRORISM AND COUNTER-TERRORISM :SPOTLIGHT ON STRATEGIES AND APPROACHES volume 5 edition 9 spring 20122arches quarterlyAnas Altikriti Chief ExecutiveAbdullah Faliq EditorEditorial Team:Amjad Mohamed-SaleemIbrahim HewittS. AlamArzoo ForemanDr Basia SpalekKathleen GrantAmina EasatMehrunisha Khan Art EditorArches Quarterly is published byWestgate House, Level 7, Westgate Road, Ealing, London W5 1 YYTel 020 8991 3372 / Fax 020 8991 / of articles and reports for Arches Quarterly should be made by e-mail, in Word format, to the editors: The views expressed in Arches Quarterly are those of the individual authors and should not be taken to represent a corporate view of The Cordoba Foundation. The Cordoba Foundation UK 2012 LITERATURE PROMOTIONS:European Multiculturalisms: Cultural, Religious & Ethnic Challenges (Anna Triandafyllidou, Tariq Modood & Nasar Meer)Islam and Muslims (Muhammad Ali Chaudry & Robert Dickson Crane)The Missing Martyrs: Why There Are So Few Muslim Terrorists (Charles Kurzman)Contemporary Debates on TERRORISM (Richard Jackson & Samuel Justin Sinclair)The British War on Terror: TERRORISM and counterterrorism on the Home Front Since 9-11 (Steve Hewitt)Snitch!

2 : A History of the Modern Intelligence Informer (Steve Hewitt) COUNTER-TERRORISM : Community-Based Approaches to Preventing Terror Crime (Basia Spalek)From Beirut to Jerusalem (Swee Chai Ang) TERRORISM : A Critical Introduction (Richard Jackson, Lee Jarvis, Jereon Gunning & Marie B. Smyth)19406772105105130130138 THIS ISSUEV olume 5 Edition 9 Spring 2012 ISSN 1756-7335 Available quarterlyvolume 5 edition 9 spring 2012 INTHISISSUE04081020284250566368738390100 10611011612413113914 6154 162 167171177179 Editorial Abdullah FaliqForeword Anas AltikritiThe Strength of Local Partnerships: Overcoming Obstacles During the War on TerrorRobert LambertComplicating Radicalism COUNTER-TERRORISM and Muslim Identity in Britain Nasar MeerPrevent Agenda and the Doctrine of Fear in the Muslim Community Imran AwanThe Complexity of Police-Muslim Community Relations in the Shadow of 9/11 P.

3 Daniel SilkFrom Moulin Rouge to 9/11 Zubeda LimbadaBeyond the Rhetoric Setting a New Perspective for Partnerships Amjad Mohamed-SaleemInforming Continuity: Domestic Surveillance from the Cold War to the War on TerrorSteve HewittTime for Change After 10 Years of Detention Without Trial Paul DonovanMuslims in Poland and Eastern Europe: Widening the European Discourse on IslamBook review by Ma gorzata Wr blewskaPicture GalleryThe Causes of TERRORISM : Deconstructing the MythsRichard Jackson, Lee Jarvis, Jereon Gunning & Marie B. SmythThe Use of Secret Evidence is a Threat to Human Rights Jean Lambert MEPC ounter- TERRORISM : Police and Community Engagement in Britain and the USBasia Spalek & Laura Zahra McDonald A Grand American Strategy of COUNTER-TERRORISM Robert D. Crane The New Prevent: Will it Work?

4 Can it Work? Therese O Toole, Stephen H. Jones & Daniel Nilsson DeHanasShifting Paradigms: De-Radicalisation Ahmad HassanCounter- TERRORISM Post 9/11 and the Erosion of Human Rights and Civil LibertiesSaalik HaleemFundamentalists vs. Moderates: The War Within Judaism Rabbi Mark L. Winer From Beirut to Jerusalem 2009 - The Wounds of Gaza Swee Chai AngYouth De-Radicalisation: the Wolverhampton Experience Revd. Mason WestTerrorism and COUNTER-TERRORISM : Young People s Perspectives Hussain Al-JabirDeveloping Community Partnerships - A Practical Solution for Peace, Prosperity and Justice Nick MauriceThe Muslim Demand Curve for Foreign Policy Charles KurzmanBehind Closed Doors - Ten Years of Secret Evidence and Human Suff eringAisha Maniar & Adrienne BurrowsConviction of Thought: How Islamic Concepts are Ruled on in UK Courts Asim Qureshivolume 5 edition 9 spring 20124arches quarterlyFROM THE EDITOR Welcome to this special edition of Arches, which examines the various strategies and approaches adopted to deal with TERRORISM and COUNTER-TERRORISM .

5 Th e editorial team of Arches would like to acknowledge and thank the University of Birmingham (UK), in particular Dr Basia Spalek, for sourcing a number of excellent contributions for this edition from a conference she convened on Political Transitions, Policing and COUNTER-TERRORISM : Power, Partnership and Community . Th e Cordoba Foundation is grateful for this collaboration. In this issue, experts from various disciplines examine the threat posed by terrorists; tracing the origins and source of TERRORISM they assess the eff ectiveness of strategies and approaches employed to respond to and challenge this threat. Importantly, we focus on de-radicalisation and explore alternative strategies and approaches that dea l with TERRORISM , which is often exaggerated and confl ated with other issues.

6 Without wishing to make light of such a serious issue, it is worth considering that Micah Zenko, writing in the Atlantic, argues that Americans are as likely to be killed by their own furniture as by TERRORISM :Th e number of US citizens who died in terrorist attacks increased by two between 2010 and 2011; overall, a comparable number of Americans are crushed to death by their televisions or furniture each the 2011 Report on Te r r o r i s m2 published by the National counterterrorism Centre (which off ers the best available data and analysis of TERRORISM to the US government), Zenko highlights the following interesting observations: Th e total number of worldwide attacks in 2011 dropped by almost 12 per cent from 2010 and nearly 29 per cent from 2007.

7 Attacks by Al-Qa ida and its affi liates increased by 8 percent from 2010 to 2011. A signifi cant increase in attacks by Al-Shabaab, from 401 in 2010 to 544 in 2011, off set a sharp decline in attacks by al-Qa ida in Iraq (AQI) and a smaller decline in attacks by al-Qa ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), and al-Qa ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). In cases where the religious affi liation of TERRORISM casualties could be determined, Muslims suff ered between 82 and 97 per cent of TERRORISM -related fatalities over the past fi ve years. Of the 978 TERRORISM -related kidnappings [in 2010], only three hostages were private US citizens, or.

8 003 per cent. A private citizen is defi ned as any US citizen not acting in an offi cial capacity on behalf of the government. Of the 13,288 people killed by terrorist attacks last year, seventeen were private US citizens, or .001 percent. Zenko rightly points out that the above is indicative of an irrational fear of TERRORISM which is both unwarranted and a poor basis on which to base public policies. Th e eff ects of this exaggeration of 5arches quarterlyvolume 5 edition 9 spring 2012at local, national and international levels. Th e Cordoba Foundation maintains that genuine partnerships and a sound understanding of issues and factors that give rise to distrust, tensions and confl ict are essential to help dissuade people from turning to extremism and violence; and also better-inform those in authority to respond to this dilemma eff ectively.

9 Terrorists will continue to advance their eschewed and parochial views, often taking advantage of the freedom of democracy and misusing religious texts to do so. Th e response to this, however, needs to be measured and not disproportionate; for when we limit or abandon hard-won freedoms and the due process of law, we are doing the terrorists work. Attaining a proper balance is a delicate but essential process. Th ank FaliqEDITORARCHES QUARTERLYENDNOTES1. Zenko, Micah (2012). Americans Are as Likely to Be Killed by Their Own Furniture as by TERRORISM , The Atlantic, June 6. - #. 2. Report on TERRORISM : 2011, The National counterterrorism Centre, Washington, DC. - Faliq helped set-up The Cordoba Foundation and edits Arches, amongst other publications, as the foundation s Head of Research.

10 In 2001, he helped launch the Declarations of European Muslims by the Grand Mufti of Bosnia Dr Mustafa Ceric. Faliq studied Arabic and conducted research in Egypt, Jordan, Sudan, Palestine & Bosnia as part of his MA and doctoral studies specialising in Arab political Islam and British Muslims. Active in the British Muslim scene since the 1980s, he is currently a trustee of the London Muslim Centre and former Deputy General Secretary of the Islamic Forum of terrorist threat and subsequent disproportionate spotlight have tended to fall on the Muslim community, with innumerable negative implications; it is, for a start, projected as a suspect community . Although Washington framed the War on Terror in response to 9/11, US Secreta r y of State Hillary Clinton recognised back in October 2007 that you can t lump all terrorists together and that America has been mistake[n] to paint with such a broad brush, which has not been particularly helpf u l in understa nd ing what it is we were up against.