Transcription of The 44* Phonemes Graphemes**
1 Source: Orchestrating Success in Reading by Dawn Reithaug (2002)The 44* PhonemesFollowing is a list of the 44 Phonemes along with the letters of groups of letters that representthose (speech sound)Graphemes**(letters or groups of letters representing the mostcommon spellings for the individual Phonemes )ExamplesConsonant , bbbig, , dd, eddog, add, , phfish, , gggo, , g, ge, dgejet, cage, barge, , k, ck, ch, cc, quecat, kitten, duck, school, occur,antique, , llleg, , mm, mbmad, hammer, , nn, kn, gnno, dinner, knee, , pppie, , rr, wrrun, marry, , se, ss, c, ce, scsun, mouse, dress, city, ice, , tt, edtop, letter, , vevet, , win, swim17/y/y, iyes, , zz, ze, s, se, xzip, fizz, sneeze, laser, is, was,please, Xerox, xylophone Source: Orchestrating Success in Reading by Dawn Reithaug (2002)Phoneme(speech sound)Graphemes**(letters or groups of letters representing the mostcommon spellings for the individual Phonemes )ExamplesConsonant (not voiced)ththumb, thin, (voiced)ththis, feather, , nsing, monkey, , ss, ch, ti, ciship, mission, chef, motion, , tchchip, , sgarage, measure, (with breath)whwhat, when, where, whyShort vowel , auhat, , eabed, , a, au, aw, oughhot, want, haul, draw, , oup, tonLong vowel /a, a_e, ay, ai, ey, eibacon, late, day, train, they, eight, /e, e_e, ea, ee, ey, ie, yme, these, beat, feet, key, chief, /i, i_e, igh, y, iefind, ride, light, fly, /o, o_e, oa, ou, owno, note, boat, soul, /u, u_e, ewhuman, use, few, chewSource.
2 Orchestrating Success in Reading by Dawn Reithaug (2002)Phoneme(speech sound)Graphemes**(letters or groups of letters representing the mostcommon spellings for the individual Phonemes )ExamplesOther vowel , u, oulbook, put, /oo, u, u_emoon, truth, ruleVowel , ou, ou_ecow, out, mouse, , oycoin, toyVowel Sounds Influenced by (r) (r)/air, ear, areair, chair, fair, hair, bear, (r)/irr, ere, eermirror, here, (r)/or, ore, oorfor, core, (r)/ur, ir, er, ear, or, arburn, first, fern, heard, work, dollarSource: Orchestrating Success in Reading by Dawn Reithaug (2002).* The number of Phonemes is different in some linguistics textbooks; this is evidence of thedifficulty of classifying ( Moats, 1998).** This list does not include all possible graphemes for a given phoneme.
