The Applications of Organic Geochemistry to Source Rock ...

1 GGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsThe Applications of Organic Geochemistry to Source Rock Appraisal and Hydrocarbon CharacteristicsBy Supaporn Pisutha-ArnondGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsWESTEASTWELL 2 WELL 1 ABCSHALE SOURCEH ypothetical section across an area in the early stages of development (Barker, 1975)(DRY)(SUCCESS)GGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsSource Rock Appraisal-Identification of Source rock layers-Assessment of their maturity stages-To identify kitchen area-To determine the time of hydrocarbon generation-To trace migration path and entrapment processGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co.

2 , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsExample of rift related environment (offshore SE, well A penetrated the post-rift Mioceneand to Basement, well B drilled the post-rift and the upper part of the syn-rift sequence)(Bordenave, , 1993, Applied Petroleum Geochemistry )GGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock Appraisals1. Does the rock have sufficient Organic matter?2. Is the Organic matter of the right type?3. Has this Organic matter generated petroleum?4. Has the generated petroleum migrated out? Source Rock Appraisal - Screening analysisGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co.

3 , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsKEROGENGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsReference: Bordenave, 1993, Applied Petroleum GeochemistryGreen River ShalesLower Toarcian SedimentsMiocene Sed, Mahakam DeltaVan Krevelen Diagramatomic O/C ratio VSH/C ratioGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsKEROGENType I : Lacustrine planktonic debris intensively reworked by bacteriaType II : Marine plankton debris sedimented under anoxic conditions Type III : Land-plant debris sedimented in terrestrial environmentReference: Bordenave, 1993, Applied Petroleum GeochemistryGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co.

4 , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsS1S2S3 Increasing pyrolysisIncreasing trapped CO2 TimeVolatilizationOf existingHCPyrolysisOfkerogenS1S2 TimeTmaxCooling1000300039005500S3 Trapping CO2 TemperatureOil or gas showsS1 (g/ton of rock)Oil or gas showsTotalGenetic potentialS1+S2(kg/ton of rock)Oil or gas showsS2 Hydrocarbon IndexS3 Oxygen IndexOil or gas showsTransformation ratioS1/S1+S2 Analysis CycleExample of recordApplication toPetroleum explorationPeak temperature Tmax(*C)Cycle of analysis andexample of record obtainedby the pyrolysis methodof Espitalie et al.

5 1977.(Ref: Milner, D. 1996)Rock-Eval PyrolysisGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsCompany:GOOD OI LWell/Area:Success 1 Sample Type : Unwashed Cuttings (Hubco Bags)File No.: gy gy gy gy gy gy gy = Free HydrocarbonsS2 = Pyrolysable HydrocarbonsS3 = Organic CO2 Oil Production Index = Transformation Ratio = S1/(S1+S2) Tmax = Temperature of Maximum S2 Oxygen Index = (S3/TOC) x 100* Pyrolysis by Rock Eval II; TOC content by Leco Analyzer Hydrogen Index = (S2/TOC) x 100 Sample Depth (meters)Tmax ( C)Oi l Production IndexPotential Yield (S1+S2)LithologyTOC ( )mg/ gm r ockHydrogen IndexOxygen IndexTABLE ROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS AND TOC CONTENT*Extracted 5 hours (DCM 80% + MeOH 20%)Extracted 48 hours (DCM 90% + MeOH 10%)GGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co.

6 , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsFIGURE 2 Hydrogen Index v's Oxygen Index(modified van Krevelen Diagram) Index (OI)H drogen Inde (HI)IIOi l P ro n eIHighly Oil ProneIIIGa s Pr on eFile No. : GSI-01167 CompanyWellSam ple Type: PT T EP: Ar thit 14-1X: Unwashed Cuttings (Hubco Bags) & SWC- Legend -Interval 1149 .0 - 1 mTM DInterval - 16 m TMDI nterval - 19 m TMDI nterval - 20 m TMDI nterval - 22 m TMDI nterval - 29 m TMDI nterval - 33 m TMDC lassification ofthe 3 main Types of kerogenin a HI vs OI diagramGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsOrganic Matter Type and Thermal Maturity(Hydrogen Index/Tmax Diagram)FIGURE 1400420440460480500520 Hydrogen Index (mgHC/g TOC)0150300450600750900 IMMATUREOIL ZONEGAS % % RoType I IType ITmax ( C)Typ e I IIFile No.

7 : GSI-0 1167 Com panyWellSam ple Type: PTTEP: Arthit 1 4-1X: Unwashed Cuttings (Hubco Bags) & SWC- Legend -Interval - mTMDI nterval - mTMDI nterval - mTMDI nterval - mTMDI nterval - mTMDI nterval - mTMDI nterval - mTMDK erogen type and thermal maturityIn a Tmax vs HI diagramGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsDUAL PETROLEUMSYSTEMS (Pattani) Post rift: Coals and Coaly Shales (Fluvio-Deltaic), Type III Kerogen, Gas Condensate-Prone, Dominant System Early Syn-Rift: LacustrineAlgal Shales, Type I Kerogen, Oil-Prone, Supplemental System Oil: >500 MMBOGas: 15 TCFC ondensate: 500 MMBOK ERO GEN TYP I NG IN THAILAND TERTIARY BASINS0100200300400500600700800900100 0110 0020406080100120140160180OX YGEN INDEX (mc CO2/g Org.)

8 C)HYDROGEN INDEX (mg HC/g Org. C)MAE MOHNONG YA PLONGLIM AE SOTPA TTANITYPE I(Oil-Prone)TYPE IITYPE III(Gas-Prone)(Rui Lin, 2002)GGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsOptical Method to identify Organic richnessDeveloped from Coal Petrology, the descriptionOf Organic matter uses the maceral techniques are still in their infacy and should beConsidered as aids to research rather than commonlyUsed tools.(Bordenave, 1993, Applied Petroleum Geochemistry )VISUAL KEROGENGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsCompany: GOOD OILW ell Name: Success 1 Area/Block:-Sample Type: Ditch CuttingsFile no.

9 % %A %C %S %R %SB %L % : Non Fluorescent AmorphousOPK : Oil Prone Kerogeng : greenG : : Fluorescing AmorphousTAS : Thermal Alteration Scaley : yellowFr : FairA : AngularA : AlginiteHerb : Herbaceouso : orangePr : PoorSA : Sub-AngularC : CutiniteTr : Tracedo : dull orangeBn : BarrenSR : Sub-RoundedS : SporiniteSrt : Sortingbr : brownP : PoorR : RoundedR : ResiniteAng : Angularitydkbr : dark brownM : ModerateSB : SuberiniteL : LiptodetriniteNA : No AnalysisNDP : No Determination DATA SUMMARYS ample Depth (m)Amorphinite (Type I-II/III)Exinite (Type I/II)OPK %Vitrinite Type III %Semifusinite Type IV %Inertinite Type IV %Rec. of Organic MatterMean Ro % ColourSrtGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co.

10 Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock Appraisals0102030405060708090100 Well 1 Well 2 Well 3 Well 4 Well 5 Well 6 Well 7 Non Flour AmorphOil Prone KerogenVitriniteSemi FusiniteInertiniteGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock Appraisals0102030405060708014-1X311014-5 (ST)377014-6X3280 Visual Kerogen Type from Rift SectionNon Flour AmorphOil Prone KerogenVitrinite*InertiniteWell XWell YWell ZGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co. , PTT Exploration and Production Co. Supaporn PisuthaPisutha--ArnondArnond, Cambodia, 2004, Cambodia, 20049-Apr-04 Applications of Geochemistry to Source Rock AppraisalsMATURITYGGG, PTT Exploration and Production Co.