The Basics of Biblical Greek

1 Overheadsto The Basics of Biblical Greek ByDr. William D. Mounce 1993-1999 All Rights Reserved page 2 Preface Included is what I hope will become a growing body of visual teaching aids. So much of our edu-cational theory is designed for auditory learners, not visual learners. Hopefully these overheadswill help all are starting with very basic overheads. If you have some ideas that you would like me to do and include in this packets in future years (with due credit given to you), please send your sam-ples to Bill Mounce, Teknia, PO Box 337, Wenham, MA 01984, or email me at using The Basics of Biblical Greek may copy these overheads, both for overheads and stu-dent handouts, provided that the copies are distributed at printing .. Fall, 1993 Second printing .. Fall, 1999 Chapter 3page 1 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce Chapter 3 Alphabet ( # )a b g d z h q i l m n x p r s " u f c y Chapter 3page 2 1993 Dr.

2 William D. Mounce Vowels ( # )aehoiuw Chapter 3page 3 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce Breathings ( #### ) 1. ajpovstolo"2. uJpevr3. rJuvomai4. aijtevw5. Aijtevw6. Ihsou'" Chapter 3page 4 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce Diphthong ( # ) Chapter 4page 1 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce Chapter 4 Accents ( # ) Acute: uJpevr Grave: uJpe;r Circumflex: pneu'ma Chapter 4page 2 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce Co-Elision ( # ) Chapter 4page 3 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce Vocabulary5,437 different words138,162 total % of all occurrencesWords occurring 50 times and more accountfor 110,425 of the total word occurrences, oralmost 80%. Chapter 4page 4 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce Nominative and Genitive Paradigm 212mascfemneutnom sg lovgo"grafhve[rgonw{ra acc sg lovgongrafhvn e[rgonw{ran nom pl lovgoigrafaiv e[rgaw|rai acc pl lovgou" grafav" e[rgaw{ra" Chapter 5page 1 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce Chapter 5 Terminology ( # ) Case: Nominative (subject)Accusative (direct object) Number: SingularPlural Gender: MasculineFeminineNeuter Chapter 6page 1 1993 Dr.]]]]}}}

3 William D. Mounce Chapter 6 Nominative and Accusative ( # ) The apostle sends the apostle. "nominativesubjectnaccusativedirect objectoJ ajpovstolo" pevmpei to;n ajpovstolon. Chapter 6page 2 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce From Case to Function to Meaning 1. Case2. Function3. Meaningyour translationnominativesubjectpredicatenom inativeInstead of thinking about word order, you should first look at the word s case, fromthe case determine the word s function, and from the function determine the word smeaning. Do not try to determine function on the basis of word order. Chapter 6page 3 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce Parsing Made SimpleStep #1: Case endingStep #2: DeclensionStep #3: GenderStep #4: Parsing- nom sing femi 1st nom plural femn 1st acc sing fem 2nd masc acc sing masc neut nom/acc singThe goal is to move from the case ending to the parsing. There are several scenarios.

4 Sometimes youcan see the case ending and know automatically what it must be ( , no ending). In this case you canskip steps #2 nd #3. Other times you have to see the declension. For example, iota can be found severalplaces, but if it is a first declension noun then it must be nom plural fem. A third scenario requires youto move through the declension all the way to gender, as in the ending nu. Chapter 6page 4 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce Paradigm ( # ,15)212mascfemneutnom sg"-nacc sgnnnnom pliiaacc plu""a212mascfemneutnom sglovgo" grafhv e[rgonw{raacc sglovgon grafhvn e[rgonw{rannom pllovgoi grafaiv e[rgaw|raiacc pllovgou" grafav" e[rgaw{ra"Chapter 6page 5 1993 Dr. William D. MounceAlternate Paradigm (# ,15)212mascfemneutnom sgo"honacc sgonhnonnom ploiaiaacc plou"a"a212mascfemneutnom sglovgo" grafhv e[rgonw{raacc sglovgon grafhvn e[rgonw{rannom pllovgoi grafaiv e[rgaw|raiacc pllovgou" grafav" e[rgaw{ra"For teachers preferring to show the final stem vowel with the case ending, we have included sev-eral alternate 6page 6 1993 Dr.]]]]]]]]}}}}}}

5 William D. MounceNouns Rules 1-3 (#### )a/h 1st declensionneuter nom = neuter accneuter nom/acc plural = aChapter 6page 7 1993 Dr. William D. MounceNoun Rule ####2 Chapter 6page 8 1993 Dr. William D. MounceThe FogThe only way is through!Chapter 6page 9 1993 Dr. William D. MounceNominative and Accusative212mascfemneutnom sg"-nacc sgnnnnom pliiaacc plu""anom sgoJ lovgo"hJ grafhvto; e[rgonhJ w{raacc sgto;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgonth;n w{rannom ploiJ logoivaiJ grafaiv ta; e[rgaaiJ w|raiacc pltou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rgata;" w{ra"Chapter 6page 10 1993 Dr. William D. MounceNominative and Accusative(alternate)212mascfemneutnom sgo"honacc sgonhnonnom ploiaiaacc plou"a"anom sgoJ lovgo"hJ grafhvto; e[rgonhJ w{raacc sgto;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgonth;n w{rannom ploiJ logoivaiJ grafaiv ta; e[rgaaiJ w|raiacc pltou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rgata;" w{ra"Chapter 7page 1 1993 Dr. William D.]]]]]]]]}}}}}}

6 MounceChapter 7 Indirect vs. Direct Object (# )Karin threw Brad a threw Brad .Chapter 7page 2 1993 Dr. William D. MounceCase Endings(First and Second Declension)212mascfemneutnom sg"-ngen sgu"udat sgiiiacc sgnnnnom pliiagen plwnwnwndat pli"i"i"acc plu""aChapter 7page 3 1993 Dr. William D. MounceCase Endings (# )(First and Second Declension)(alternate)212mascfemneutnom sgo"hongen sgouh"oudat sgw/h/w/acc sgonhnonnom ploiaiagen plwnwnwndat ploi"ai"oi"acc plou"a"aChapter 7page 4 1993 Dr. William D. MounceDefinite Article (# )212mascfemneutnom sgoJhJtovgen sgtou'th'"tou'dat sgtw/'th/'tw/'acc sgtovnthvntovnom ploiJaiJtavgen pltw'ntw'ntw'ndat pltoi'"tai'"toi'"acc pltouv"tav"tavChapter 7page 5 1993 Dr. William D. MounceFull Paradigm (# )212mascfemneutnom sgoJ lovgo"hJ grafhto; e[rgonhJ w{ragen sgtou' lovgou th'" grafh'" tou' e[rgouth'" w{ra"dat sgtw'/ lovgw/th'/ grafh'/tw'/ e[rgw/th'/ w{ra/acc sgto;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgonth;n w{rannom ploiJ lovgoiaiJ grafaiv ta; e[rgagen pltw'n lovgwn tw'n grafw'n tw'n e[rgwndat pltoi'" lovgoi" tai'" grafai'" toi'" e[rgoi"acc pltou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rgaChapter 7page 6 1993 Dr.]]]]]]]]}}}}

7 William D. MounceNoun Rules 4-6 (# )Dative singular? Iota subscripts (if possible)AblautGenitive & Dative? Masculine = neuterChapter 7page 7 1993 Dr. William D. MounceNoun Rule ####6 (# )Chapter 8page 1 1993 Dr. William D. MounceChapter 8A Preposition and its Object (# )The object follows its object governs the meaning of the 8page 2 1993 Dr. William D. MounceMovable Nu (# )Chapter 8page 3 1993 Dr. William D. MounceDependent Clauses (# )SubjectMain VerbChapter 8page 4 1993 Dr. William D. MouncePrepositionsuJpovejkdiavajpovprov" eij"paravvejnChapter 9page 1 1993 Dr. William D. MounceChapter 9 Functions of an Adjective (# ) Good AdjectivallySubstantivally(regular adjective)(noun) He is a good boy. The good, the bad, and the ugly are welcome here. Chapter 9page 2 1993 Dr. William D. MounceTypes of Adjectives (# ) Tall AttributivePredicate(gives an attribute)(predicates) The girl is tall. The tall girl plays basketball.

8 Chapter 9page 3 1993 Dr. William D. MounceAdjectival Use of the Adjective (# )Attributive: immediately preceded by ajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" The good man. oJ ajgaqo;" oJ a[nqrwpo" The good man. Predicate: not preceded by the a[nqrwpo" ajgaqov" The man is good. ajgaqo;" oJ a[nqrwpo" The man is good. No article: see contextajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" Good man. Man is good. ajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" Good man. Man is good. Chapter 9page 4 1993 Dr. William D. MounceAdjective (# )212mascfemneutnom sgajgaqov"ajgaqhvajgaqovngen sgajgaqou'ajgaqh'"ajgaqou'dat sgajgaqw/'ajgaqh/'ajgaqw/'acc sgajgaqovnajgaqhvnajgaqovnnom plajgaqoivajgaqaivajgaqavgen plajgaqw'najgaqw'najgaqw'ndat plajgaqoi'"ajgaqai'"ajgaqoi'"acc plajgaqouv"ajgaqav"ajgaqavChapter 9page 5 1993 Dr. William D. MounceAdjective Positions (# )Chapter 10page 1 1993 Dr. William D. MounceChapter 10A Walk Through (# )nom sgsark + " savrxgen sgsark + o" sarkov"dat sgsark + i sarki acc sgsark + a savrkanom plsark + e" savrke"gen plsark + wn sarkw'ndat plsark + si(n) sarxi (n)acc plsark + a" savrka"Chapter 10page 2 1993 Dr.]]]]]]

9 William D. MounceMaster Case Ending Chart (# )1st/2nd declension3rd declensionmascfemneutmasc/femneutnom sg "- n " -gen sg u "u o" o"dat sg ii i iiacc sgnnn a/n-nom pliiae" agen plwnwnwnwnwndat pli"i"i"si(n) si(n)acc plu""a a" aChapter 10page 3 1993 Dr. William D. MounceRule 7: Square of Stops (# , 16)LabialpbfVelarkgcDentaltdqLabial+ s yVelar+ s xDental+ s sChapter 10page 4 1993 Dr. William D. MounceRule 8 (# )A tau cannot stand at the end of a word and will drop [nomatChapter 10page 5 1993 Dr. William D. MouncePlease!No More Quizzes!Chapter 11page 1 1993 Dr. William D. MounceChapter 11 First and Second Person Personal Pronouns (# )firstsecondtranslationnom sgejgwv suvIyougen sgmou soumyyourdat sgmoi soito meto youacc sgmesemeyounom plhJmei " uJmei "weyougen plhJmw'n uJmw'nouryourdat plhJmi n uJmi nusyouacc plhJma'" uJma'"usyouChapter 12page 1 1993 Dr. William D. MounceChapter 12 Third Person Personal Pronoun (# )212mascfemneuttranslationnom sgaujtov" aujthv aujtovhesheitgen sgaujtou' aujth'" aujtou'hisheritsdat sgaujtw/' aujth/' aujtw/'to him to her to itacc sgaujtovn aujthvn aujtovhimheritnom plaujtoiv aujtaiv aujtavtheygen plaujtw'n aujtw'n aujtw'ntheirdat plaujtoi'" aujtai'" aujtoi'"to themacc plaujtouv" aujtav" aujtavthemChapter 12page 2 1993 Dr.]

10 William D. MounceThree Uses of aujtov" (# ) he, she , it intensiveUsually predicate position. him/her/itself Normally in the attributive position. same ;" levgei .. ;n Ihsou'n aujtovn Ihsou'" aujtov" .. aujto;" Ihsou'" ..Chapter 13page 1 1993 Dr. William D. MounceChapter 13ou|to" (# )mascfemneutnom sgou|to"au{thtou'togen sgtouvtou tauvth" touvtoudat sgtouvtw/tauvth/touvtw/acc sgtou'ton tauvthn tou'tonom plou|toiau|taitau'tagen pltouvtwn touvtwn touvtwndat pltouvtoi" tauvtai" touvtoi"acc pltouvtou" tauvta" tau'taChapter 13page 2 1993 Dr. William D. Mounceeeeejjjjkkkkeeeeiiii nnnnoooo"""" (# )mascfemneutnom sgejkei no" ejkei nh ejkei nogen sgejkei nou ejkei nh" ejkei noudat sgejkei nw/ ejkei nh/ ejkei nw/acc sgejkei non ejkei nhn ejkei nonom plejkei noi ejkei nai ejkei nagen plejkei nwn ejkei nwn ejkei nwndat plejkei noi" ejkei nai" ejkei noi"acc plejkei nou" ejkei na" ejkei naChapter 14page 1 1993 Dr.}