the bottom line - AASHTO

1 THE bottom LINEAMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALSAMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALSAMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALSTHE bottom LINETRANSPORTATIONINVEST IN AMERICATRANSPORTATIONINVEST IN AMERICAAT A GLANCEAn annual investment of $92 billionfor highways and bridges, between 2004 and 2009, is necessary to maintainthe physical condition and performance characteristics of the annual investment of $ billionfor highways and bridges is necessary to improvethe physical condition and performance characteristics of the system over 20 annual capital investment of $19 billionis required, between 2004 and 2009, to maintainthe physical condition and service performance of the nation s transit systems, if ridership only grows modestly at percent per annual capital investment of $44 billionis required to improvethe physical condition and service performance of the nation s transit systems, if ridership continues to grow at percent per 2000, transit investment from all levels of government totaled $ billion, with $ billion going to capital 1999 FHWA Conditions and Performance Report placed the repair backlog at $167 billionfor highways and $87 billionfor 2000, highway expenditures from all levels of government totaled $ billion, with $ billiongoing to capital vehicle miles traveled (VMT)

2 Increased 600 billion over the past decade from to is expected to grow by another 600 billionover the next 10 years, an annual VMT growth rate of least $18 billionfor highway infrastructure capital costs over six years and an additional $1 billionper year for operating costs will be needed to implement AASHTO s Strategic Highway Safety Plan, whichhas a goal of saving 5,000 to 7,000 lives each least $12 billionin capital investment and $1 billionin annual operating assistance will be needed for highway and transit security over the next six billion dollars of federal highway investment generates 47,500 jobs; for every billion dollars in transitinvestment, job generation is virtually the million Americans one in 11 are employed in transportation occupations.

3 In 1997, the country s roads, railroads, airways, waterways and pipelines shipped 11 billion tons of freight valued at $7 trillion. International trade equivalent to a percentage of Gross Domestic Product increased from percentin 1990 to percentin 2000. The federal-aid highway program creates acres of wetlandsfor every acre it takes for road construction. Since 1970, states have built more than 1,600 miles of noise barriersat a cost of over $ the past 11 years, $ billionin enhancement projects such as bike paths and the preservation of historic bridges and train stations have been built in more than 14,000 , 28 percentof production is already based on just-in-time practices. As more firms move towardsuch practices, the economy becomes more dependent on a healthy transportation the millennium, the population stood at 281 million, up 100 million since 1960.

4 Our population is expected to grow by at least 100 million in the next 40 1980 and 2000, average commutes lengthened by four minutes nationally, to minutes. The fact that this increase was limited to four minutes even though 35 million new commuters were addedto the rolls, is in part a tribute to our transportation system s report is the result of the efforts of many people. The bottom line Work Group, which is oneof six work groups under the guidance of the AASHTO TEA-21 Reauthorization SteeringCommittee, prepared this report. A bottom line Advisory Committee, chaired by past AASHTOP resident E. Dean Carlson with members including several state department of transportation chiefexecutive officers, provided oversight on behalf of the AASHTO Board of Directors.

5 The work ofthe bottom line Work Group was supported by Alan E. Pisarski, who as a consultant to AASHTO provided valuable assistance in compiling and writing the Ross of the New York Department of Transportation, who chaired the bottom line WorkGroup, was instrumental in working with AASHTO staff, FHWA staff, consultants, and other stateDOT representatives to lead this important effort, which has resulted in this significant input intothe TEA-21 reauthorization Epstein of New York DOT and his team are also to be recognized for their work, in cooperationwith the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) and the Community TransportationAssociation of America (CTAA) in developing the transit component of the bottom line Report. Susan Binder, Ross Crichton and their colleagues at the Federal Highway Administration providedtechnical advice on the nature of the modeling, the interpretation of past results, and alternativescenarios.

6 Richard Steinmann of the Federal Transit Administration provided similar assistancewith comparable transit of the information in this report was developed through research conducted as part ofAASHTO s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) projects 8-36, 20-7, and20-24 and Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Project J-6. The NCHRP research wasmanaged by Ronald D. McCready, NCHRP s senior program officer, and the TCRP research wasmanaged by Christopher W. Jenks, TCRP wishes to express its profound appreciation to all of those individuals who devoted longhours and shared their special knowledge to produce the bottom line Report. We believe it will bea key document as legislation reauthorizing TEA-21 is considered in the coming following is a list of specific individuals who provided important assistance in the developmentof this line Work GroupNancy Ross, NYSDOT, chairKen Leonard, Wisconsin DOTY sela Llort, Florida DOTJ anet D Ignazio, North Carolina DOTBill Sapper, Arizona DOTB ottom line Authors Rabinder Bains, Minnesota DOTMoy Biswas, North Carolina DOTRon Epstein, NYSDOTR andy Halvorson, Minnesota DOTrDavid Lee, Florida DOTM artin Loring, Oregon DOTL inda Lovejoy, Wisconsin DOTA bigail McKenzie, Minnesota DOTBen Orsbon, South Dakota DOTS herry Shaftlein, Washington DOTJohn Shufon, NYSDOTP rincipal ConsultantsAlan PisarskiArlee Reno.

7 Cambridge SystematicsPenelope Weinberger, Cambridge SystematicsRoger Mingo, Mingo & AssociatesEditorAlexander Elles-Boyle, Hubbell GroupGraphic DesignMelinda Appel, AppelgrafixTransportation Research BoardRon McCreadyChris JenksFHWAS usan BinderRoss CrichtonFTAR ichard SteinmannCONTENTSI nterior front cover:At a Glance: Facts about Surface Transportation Reauthorization InvestmentRequirementsInterior rear cover: AASHTO organizational and contact information ForewordI. Key Findings Highway and Transit Investment Requirements Value of Transportation InvestmentsIntroduction Employment and Opportunity Transportation and Economic Activity International Trade and TransportationTransportation and Society Transportation and Community TourismTransportation and National DefenseTransportation and Emergency EvacuationIII.

8 National Transportation Surface Investment RequirementsHighwaysTransitSafetySecurit yLinkage to Other ModesIV. Funding IssuesThe Federal, State and Local RolesFinancing Opportunities Private Sector Role YIKES!! This needs some fixing!!!FOREWORDThis document presents AASHTO s views of the nation s coming highway and transit investment trust it will be informative for those deciding our transportation , our transportation system depends on a mix of decisions and investments by federal, state and local governments and the private sector. One of the most important drivers of these decisions is the reauthorization of federal surface transportation policies, programs and funding scheduled for 2003. The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) and the Transportation Equity Actfor the 21st Century of 1998 (TEA-21) each had an enormous impact on the nation s transportation , they dramatically increased investment in roads and bridges, spurred a revival of public transportation, and helped create a more efficient and interconnected system.

9 The first decade of the 20th century saw the invention of the airplane and the introduction of the automobile into daily life. The first decade of the 21st Century is not likely to see such dramatic transportation innovations. Changes that are likely to occur by the close of this decade, however, couldcause decisions about our transportation system during these years to have an equally significant impact onour nation s future. By 2010:We likely will have added more than 25 million people and as many new vehicles; Baby boomers will enter their 60s, changing forever our view of what retirement means;Transit ridership may reach billion;30 percent of our Gross Domestic Product will depend on international trade; andVehicle miles traveled annually will exceed three trillion transportation plans and investment strategies we create now must respond to these changes and support our great nation s needs in an emerging new world.

10 John Horsley Executive DirectorAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsTHE bottom line 1 KEY FINDINGSAs Congress approaches the reauthorization of federal highway and transit programs, AASHTO ,with the assistance of the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Transit Administration andthe Transportation Research Board, has taken a comprehensive look at the investments needed from2004 through 2009 to maintain or to improve our nation s transportation is vital to the national economy and to our quality of life. Its benefits extend frommaintaining America s competitiveness in the global economy to providing access to jobs and edu-cation. Likewise, the costs of an inadequate transportation system are severe, including congestion,highway fatalities, and the inability to access health following are key findings of this INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTSA Scenarios Approach to Future InvestmentTo estimate highway and bridge investment needs, two goal-based scenarios were employed.