The Challenges and Constraints of Online Teaching and ...

1 International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 1 1 , No. 4, 2021, E-ISSN: 2 2 2 2 -6990 2021 HRMARS. The Challenges and Constraints of Online Teaching and learning in the New Normal environment Habibah @ Norehan Haron, Maslin Masrom, Suraya Ya'acob, Safiyyah Ahmad Sabri To Link this Article: Received: 01 February 2021, Revised: 06 March 2021, Accepted: 02 April 2021. Published Online : 27 April 2021. In-Text Citation: (Haron et al., 2021). To Cite this Article: Haron, H. @ N., Masrom, M., Ya'acob, S.

2 , & Sabri, S. A. (2021). The Challenges and Constraints of Online Teaching and learning in the New Normal environment . International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(4), 1284 1295. Copyright: 2021 The Author(s). Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society ( ). This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY ) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors.

3 The full terms of this license may be seen at: Vol. 11, No. 4, 2021, Pg. 1284 - 1295. JOURNAL HOMEPAGE. Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at 1284. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 1 1 , No. 4, 2021, E-ISSN: 2 2 2 2 -6990 2021 HRMARS. The Challenges and Constraints of Online Teaching and learning in the New Normal environment Habibah @ Norehan Haron1, Maslin Masrom2, Suraya Ya'acob3, Safiyyah Ahmad Sabri4. 1, 2, 3 Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, 4 Faculty of Leadership and Management, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Email: Abstract Due to Covid-19 pandemic, we may have to live in the new normal' for quite a long period of time.

4 We have learned to adapt our lifestyles with this Covid-19, and to adjust to a new normal', which is a new way of living and going about our lives, work and communication with the people around us. Adaptation and changes are considered new normal'. Education is one of the sectors that has been most impacted by the pandemic. In this regard, the form of education too has changed during the Covid-19 pandemic in which Teaching and learning is conducted remotely through digital platforms. The university lecturers have opted Online learning approach and electronic devices as mediator of communication to replace face-to- face learning .

5 This has led to a robust and more interactive way of learning , whereby both students and lecturers find engaging. However, there are some issues and Challenges with this Online learning approach. Thus, the objectives of this paper are to identify the Constraints of the Online learning approach faced by the students and to examine the perception of the lecturers regarding the Constraints . Data collection was mainly through qualitative approach. Descriptive analysis of survey questions is done on the lecturers' perspectives. The understanding of the Challenges could become a source of reference for the university management and lecturers in their efforts to provide the platform for innovative approaches for the 21st century learners' student-centred learning .

6 Keywords: Covid-19, Education, New Normal, Online Teaching , Online learning Introduction Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, we may have to live in the new normal' for a very long time. We have learned to adapt our lifestyles with this Covid-19, and to adjust to a new normal', which is a new way of living and going about our lives, work, and interaction with the people around us. Adaptation and changes are considered new normal'. Under this new normal' environment , parental expenditure inclined more towards electronic devices as a medium for home-based learning as reiterated by the government (Ating, 2020).

7 In this 1285. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 1 1 , No. 4, 2021, E-ISSN: 2 2 2 2 -6990 2021 HRMARS. unprecedented situation, Online learning becomes an alternative to ensure the continuity of the form of education. Education has changed dramatically, with the distinctive rise of Online learning whereby Teaching and learning are conducted remotely through digital platforms. Universities adhered to the Ministry of Education's recommendation to move educational activities to a virtual Teaching model using the existing institutional software and available public digital platforms.

8 There are some issues and Challenges that are related to Online Teaching and learning , such as accessibility, affordability, flexibility, learning pedagogy, life-long learning , and policy (Dhawan, 2020). The lecturers of all backgrounds and ages had to prepare and deliver their classes from home, with all the practical and technical Challenges this entails, and often without proper technical support (Hodges et al. 2020). The lecturers and students certainly have their perception of Online Teaching and learning in this new normal' environment .

9 In this scenario, the objectives of this paper are to: Identify Constraints with the Online learning approach faced by the students. Examine the perception of the lecturers regarding the Constraints . This paper is structured as follows: First, we present the introduction of the paper. Then, we discuss the literature review. Subsequently, we describe the methodology of the research, followed by the discussions on the results. We conclude by discussing the findings and highlighting some recommendations for the quality of the new normal of Teaching and learning improvement.

10 Introduction Online Teaching and learning According to Rapanta et al. (2020), Online Teaching and learning imply a certain pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), mainly associated with designing and organizing for a better learning experience and creating distinctive learning environments with the help of digital technologies. The PCK includes technical and administrative aspects of Teaching Online , for example using platforms and tools and organizing workflow. Online learning refers to a type of Teaching and learning situation in which (i) the learner is at a distance from the tutor or instructor, (ii) the learner uses some form of technology to access the learning materials, (iii) the learner uses technology to interact with the tutor or instructor and with other learners, and (iv) some kind of support is provided to learners (Anderson, 2011).