The coloration - Clariant

1 OF PLASTICS AND RUBBERThe colorationTHE coloration OF PLASTICS AND RUBBER3 THE coloration OF PLASTICS AND RUBBER2 TRADEMARKS:GRAPHTOL HOSTASIN 1 HANSA HOSTASOL 1 HOSTALEN 1 HOSTAVIN 1 TELALUX NOVOPERM HOSTANOX 1 POLYSYNTHREN HOSTAPERM 1 PV FAST HOSTAPRINT 1 SOLVAPERM TELASPERSE The coloration OF PLASTICS AND RUBBERThe coloration of plastics is an area of technology in which everyone has an opinion, everyone else can do it better and cheaper and where the mistakes are highly visible and usually expensive. This brochure sets out to provide the reader with a practical insight in polymers, processes and applications applying to the plastics industry and the coloring solutions available from the Clariant ranges of organic 1 of this brochure is an introduction and guide to the coloration of plastics and includes chapters covering colorant classification, colorant selection criteria and an overview of the Clariant product ranges for plastics coloration .

2 This is followed by a product by product guide to the main areas of application using the following key:SECTION 2 provides a concise guide; polymer by polymer to the coloring possibilities with Clariant organic colorants which includes polymer properties, processing and coloring techniques and details of the individual colorants, their suitability for an application and their application data in the selected polymer and process. The coloring attributes, technical data and application values given are derived from Clariant laboratory testing under specific conditions which are detailed in SECTION 3 of this brochure. These may differ according to actual working conditions, e. g. machine related data, applied concentrations, exposure to temperature and shear stress over prolonged periods of time, and/or the type and grade of polymer used. Users are therefore recommended to verify the suitabili-ty of a colorant for a particular use with preliminary trials under the relevant working in SECTION 3 a chapter concerns itself with Colour Index registrations, chemical designations, the physical attributes of the colorants and includes chemical resistance data.

3 A full index to the sections and chapters contained within this brochure can be found on pages 4 and ON THE THERMAL STABILITY OF DIARYLIDE PIGMENTSP igments indicated with the symbol throughout this brochure are collectively identified chemically as diarylide pigments. Due to the potential for thermal decomposition (refer to the relevant material safety data sheets) from these pigments, a heat stability of 200 C is given, even when the coloring attributes of the pigment would remain stable at higher information can be found in ETAD INFORMATION NOTICE No. 2 Thermal Decompo sition of Diarylide Pigments September SHADE CARDS ANDTECHNICAL BROCHURESThe Clariant Plastics & Coatings Business strives to provide a high level of technical information regarding its products. Technical brochures and shade cards are continually being updated to include new products, cater for new applications and to provide customers with the relevant technical data in order to meet the demands of a fast changing industry.

4 Please contact your local Clariant sales organization or regional Technical Application Centre to ensure that the most up to date information is on hand and with any questions that may of the Regional Technical Centers can be found on page 94 of this also provides a number of services, product data sheets and technical information on the Internet. For information specific to plastic applications click on to: Suitable Limited suitability (preliminary testing required) Not suitableTHE coloration OF PLASTICS AND RUBBER45 CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION TO THE coloration OF PLASTICS AND PRODUCT selection of the product ranges and main fields of application11PV Fast pigments11 Graphtol pigments12 Solvaperm dyes13 Polysynthren polymer soluble colorants13 Hostasol fluorescent dyes14 Hostaprint pigment preparations14 Hostasin pigment preparations14 Telasperse PVC pigment brightening agents (OBA)15 Overview of the Telalux range and areas of application16 Telalux fastness properties162 POLYMER BY POLYMER and plastisols18 General information, coloring of U-PVC, P-PVC18 Hostaprint preparations, gravure screen printing20 PVC cable sheathing, plastisols21 Coloring recommendations and application data Pigments for polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

5 PV Fast22 Graphtol23 Coloring recommendations and application data Pigment preparations for polyvinyl chloride (PVC)Hostaprint24 Telasperse PVC24 Coloring recommendations and application data Soluble dyes for unplasticizedPolyvinyl chloride (U-PVC)Solvaperm25 Coloring recommendations and application data Fluorescent dyes for unplasticized Polyvinyl chloride (U-PVC)Hostasol25 Weather fastness of pigments in PVC26 Cable sheathing elastomers (TPE) and rubber30 TPE s and classification30 Styrene block copolymers (TPE-S / SBC s)31 Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPE-U / TPU)31 Thermoplastic olefins TPE-O / TPE-V (TPO s)32 Pigments for TPE-E, TPE-S and TPE-U33 Ethylen vinyl acetate (EVA)34 Rubber (natural and synthetic)34 Pigments for EVA and rubber36 Hostasin pigment (PE)38 Polypropylene (PP)39 Homo-polymers39 Block copolymers39 Random copolymers39 Coloring recommendations and application data Pigments for polyolefins (PO)PV Fast40 Graphtol41 Influence of weathering42 Weather fastness data in (PS)44 Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)45 Styrene acrylonitrile (SAN)45 Coloring recommendations and application data Pigments for polystyrene (PS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)PV Fast, Graphtol46 Coloring recommendations and application data Soluble dyes for polystyrene (PS), styrene- acrylonitrile (SAN) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)Solvaperm, Polysynthren48 Coloring recommendations and application data Fluorescent dyes for polystyrene (PS), styrene- acrylonitrile (SAN) and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) methacrylate (PMMA)

6 50 Coloring recommendations and application data Colorants for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)PV Fast 50 Graphtol, Solvaperm, Polysynthren, Hostasol of syntethic polymer fibers 52 Polypropylene fibers 52 Polyester fibers 53 Polyamide fibers 53 Coloring recommendations and application data Pigments for synthetic fibersPV Fast 54 Coloring recommendations and application data Colorants for synthetic fibersGraphtol 55 Solvaperm, Polysynthren, Hostasol 55 Textile fastness properties of colorants in PET fibers 56 Textile fastness properties of colorants in PA fibers 58 Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers coloration of engineering polymers 61 Engineering polymers 61 Polycarbonate (PC) 62 Coloring recommendations and application data Pigments for polycarbonate (PC)PV Fast62 Coloring recommendations and application data Soluble dyes for polycarbonate (PC)Graphtol, Solvaperm, Polysynthren, Hostasol 63 Polyacetale / polyoxymethylene (POM) 64 Thermoplastic polyester (PET and PBT) 65 Coloring recommendations and application data Pigments for PBT and PETPV Fast 66 Coloring recommendations and application data Soluble dyes for PET and PBTS olvaperm, Polysynthren, Hostasol 67 Polyamide (PA 6 and PA ) 68 Coloring recommendations and application data Colorants for polyamides (PA) for injection molding applicationsPV Fast, Polysynthren, Solvaperm, Hostasol 69 Polyetherimide (PEI) 70 Polysulfone (PSU) 70 Polyethersulfone (PES) 70 Polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) to Thermosetting resins71 Thermoset plastics71 Unsaturated polyester resin71 Epoxy resins72 Thermosetting polyurethane (PUR)72 Pigments for PUR73 Graphtol, PV Fast73 Colorants for unsaturated polyester (UP)

7 73PV Fast, Graphtol, Solvaperm, coloration of biodegradable and bio chromate pigment halogen controlled colorants783 COLORANT TECHNICAL Pigments chemical and physical data / solvent extraction data82 PV Pigment preparations chemical and physical data86 Hostaprint86 Hostasin87 Telasperse Dyes chemical and physical data / solvent solubility data88 Solvaperm dyes88 Polysynthren polymer soluble dyes88 Hostasol fluorescent dyes884 TEST for SD fastness in HDPE, PP, PS, ABS, fastness in fastness in bleed resistance (unvulcanized rubber) of limit concentration in and chemical fastness of solubility of dyes935 ADDRESSES94 THE coloration OF PLASTICS AND RUBBER671 Introduction TO THE coloration OF PLASTICS AND PRODUCT Introduction coloration selection criteria Colorant ranges Overview of the product ranges and main fields of application Optical brightening agents (OBA)1 INTRODUCTION TO THE coloration OF PLASTICS AND PRODUCT OVERVIEWSTHE coloration OF PLASTICS AND coloration SELECTION INTRODUCTIONP lastics are essential materials used in all aspects of daily life, their unique forming capabilities, thermal, tensile and electrical properties together with their resistance to chemicals and other harsh environments combine to make them the most flexible of engineering materials.

8 Plastics are synthetic, polymeric materials which can be formed under heat and pressure, upon cooling they regain their polymeric structure. Plastics are produced from polymers; chemical compounds composed of long chain molecules in small repeating units (monomers). Plastics are rarely processed alone; they can be modified with inorganic compounds to impart various physical characteristics, they are often stabilized with additives and processing aids to improve or modify performance properties and they can be co-polymerized or alloyed with other plastics to achieve distinctive physical and resistance properties. The coloration of plastics is not only for decorative purposes, it is used for identification, safety, product branding, segmentation and environmental purposes. coloration can be achieved using organic and inorganic pigments, solvent, disperse and other polymer soluble dyes.

9 Effect pigments such as: aluminum and bronze powders, pearlescent and phosphorescent pigments can be added to enhance the optical properties of plastics. Pearlescent pigments can be used in certain instances to impart laser marking properties. Pigment preparations made up of finely dispersed pigment particles in a polymeric or polymer compatible material are often used in dispersion critical applications. Pigments require a high level of dispersion to breakdown agglomerates which occur in the production process, transportation and storage of these colorants. The physics of dispersion involve the breaking down of the internal forces that hold the primary pigment particles together in an agglomerated form. The selection of colorants for a particular application is dependant on many factors. The most critical thereof are discussed below. Values for the heat stability of a colorant are usually derived from a pre-determined concentration i.

10 E. Standard Depth . The limiting concentration of a colorant determines its thermal stability profile in the stated polymer. The limit concentration determines the lowest dilution at which a colorant is thermally stable at a given temperature. The values obtained are valid for the stated grade and type of polymer; they are not automatically valid for other grades and for all polymers. Particle size: In paste and liquid dispersions the particle size and hence the specific surface area of a pigment influence the rheology of the system. The larger the particle size, the lower the specific surface area of a pigment and consequently the viscosity is also lower. A pigment with a high specific surface area will require additional wetting out in order to obtain an optimum dispersion. In many instances, pigments manufactured from the same chemistry are offered in differing milled forms.