The Competitiveness of Global Port-Cities: Synthesis Report

1 The Competitiveness of Global Port-Cities: Synthesis Report Edited by Olaf Merk THE Competitiveness OF Global PORT-CITIES: Synthesis Report 1 FOREWORD This Report provides a Synthesis of main findings from the OECD Port-Cities Programme, created in 2010 in order to assess the impact of ports on their cities and provide policy recommendations to increase the positive impacts of ports on their cities. This Programme was directed by Olaf Merk, Administrator Port-Cities within the OECD Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate.

2 This Synthesis Report was directed and written by Olaf Merk; it draws on the work of a number of other contributors: C sar Ducruet, Jasper Cooper, Jing Li, Ihnji Jon, Maren Larsen and Lucie Billaud. The Report has benefited from comments from Bill Tompson, Nils-Axel Braathen, Jane Korinek, Nicolas Mat and Juliette Cerceau. The Synthesis Report is based on findings from a series of OECD Port-Cities case studies. Such case studies were conducted for Le Havre/Rouen/Paris/Caen (France), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Marseille (France), Mersin (Turkey), Rotterdam/Amsterdam (the Netherlands), Antofagasta (Chile), Bratislava/Kom rno/ t rova (Slovak Republic), Durban (South Africa) and Shanghai (China).

3 Within the framework of these studies, study visits to these port-cities were conducted, which included a series of interviews with the port-city related actors and stakeholders in these places. The OECD Port-Cities Programme also benefited from visits to the following ports and port-cities and discussion with port-related actors in the following port-cities: Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Singapore, Casablanca, Venice, Trieste, Genoa, Valpara so, Varna, Gdansk, Koper, Vienna, Antwerp, Felixstowe, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Sydney and Newcastle (Australia).

4 Contributions and inputs into the OECD Port-Cities case studies and related working papers were provided by C sar Ducruet, Elvira Haezendonck, Michael Dooms, Patrick Dubarle, Markus Hesse, G raldine Planque, Theo Notteboom, Jos Tongzon, J rg Jocker, Oguz Bagis, Angela Bergantino, Claude Comtois, Nicolas Winicki, Thai Thanh Dang, Claudio Ferrari, Alessio Tei, Anna Bottasso, Maurizio Conti, Salvador Saz, Leandro Garcia-Men ndez, Zhen Hong, Zhao Nan, Angela Xu Mingying, Xie Wenqing, Du Xufeng, Wang Jinggai, Jing Li, Matthieu Bordes, Rachel Silberstein, Xiao Wang, Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Jasper Cooper, Marten van den Bossche, Carla Jong, Christelle Larsonneur, Walter Manshanden, Martijn Dr es, Evgueny Poliakov, Olli-Pekka Hilmola, Charlotte Lafitte, Caroline Guillet, L onie Claeyman, Suzanne Chatelier.

5 The Programme has been enriched through the interaction with these experts. Within the framework of the Programme, three different workshops in Paris were organised and benefited from presentations by: C sar Ducruet, Markus Hesse, Elvira Haezendonck, Claudio Ferrari, Jan Egbertsen, Ingo Fehrs, Stijn Effting, Michael Vanderbeek, Alessio Tei, Philippe Deiss, Birgit Liodden, Johan Woxenius, Hyong Mo Jeon, Dimitrios Theologitis, Carla Jong, Lorene Grandidier, Dominique Lebreton, Claude Comtois, Marten van den Bossche, Matt Bogdan, Alice Liu, Jan Green Rebstock.

6 Within the framework of the Programme, the Administrator has provided presentations and interventions in conferences organised by: European Committee of the Regions (COTER), European Seaport Organisation (ESPO), Moroccan Association for Logistics (Amlog), International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH), Port of Long Beach Board of Harbor Commissioners, City of Shenzhen, THE Competitiveness OF Global PORT-CITIES: Synthesis Report 2 Korean Transport Institute (KOTI), Korean Maritime Institute (KMI), French Association of Town Planners (FNAU), Italian Association of Transport Economists (SIET), World Conference of Transport Research Society (WCTRS-SIG2), Maersk, Port Finance International, BSR Clean Cargo Working Group, Infrastructure Australia, International Association Cities Ports (AIVP), Inter American Committee for Ports, International Transport Forum (ITF)

7 , Florence School of Regulation, Cargo Edi es Lda, Logistics Portugal, International Forum on Shipping, Ports and Airports (IFSPA), Port of Amsterdam, Port of Rotterdam, Port of Hamburg, Universit du Sud Toulon-Var, Colloque Axe Seine Acte II. The Programme has benefited from the support of: the Netherlands Ministry of Economy, City of Rotterdam, City of Amsterdam, Port of Amsterdam, ukurova Development Agency, City of Helsinki, Port of Marseille, Slovak Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development, Slovak Ministry of Foreign Affairs, City of Hamburg, Transnet South Africa, Provence-Alpes-C te d Azur Region, Bouches du Rh ne Department, Syndicat mixte du Sch ma de Coh rence Territoriale Ouest tang de Berre.

8 Communaut d agglom ration Marseille Provence M tropole, City of Marseille, Chamber of Commerce and Industry Marseille Provence, the Agence d Urbanisme de Marseille, the Union Maritime et Fluviale, l Agence d Urbanisme de la R gion du Havre et de l Estuaire de la Seine (AURH), l Agence d tudes d Urbanisme de Caen M tropole (AUCAME), l Atelier Parisien d Urbanisme (APUR), l Institut d Am nagement et d Urbanisme de la r gion d le de France (IAU IDF), l Agence d'Urbanisme et de D veloppement de la Seine Aval (AUDAS), la Ville du Havre, la Communaut d Agglom ration Havraise (CODAH), la Communaut de l Agglom ration Rouen Elbeuf Austreberthe (CREA), le Grand Port Maritime du Havre (GPMH), le Grand Port Maritime de Rouen (GPMR), Ports de Paris.

9 The Report , as well as the Port-City case studies and related thematic papers can be downloaded from the OECD website: Further enquiries about this work in this area should be addressed to: Olaf Merk of the OECD Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate. THE Competitiveness OF Global PORT-CITIES: Synthesis Report 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .. 7 1. INTRODUCTION .. 9 2. PORT 17 Benefits from ports .. 17 Ports as facilitators of trade .. 17 Value added .. 20 Employment .. 26 Ports and innovation.

10 28 Where do the impacts take place? .. 29 Negative port impacts .. 32 Environmental impacts .. 32 Land use impacts .. 38 Traffic impacts .. 40 Other impacts .. 41 Where do the negative impacts take place? .. 42 Confronting benefits and negative impacts .. 43 Emerging trends influencing port impacts .. 44 3. HOW TO FACILTATE COMPETITIVE PORTS? .. 48 Maritime connectivity .. 49 Effective port operations .. 53 a) Quality of inputs .. 56 b) Quality of organisation and institutions .. 61 Strong hinterland connections .. 68 Guaranteeing the support of the local population.