THE CONSTRUCTION OF TILT-UP

1 THE CONSTRUCTION OF tilt -UPTHE CONSTRUCTION OF TILT-UP TILT-UP concrete Association TILT-UP concrete ASSOCIATIONP romoting growth and achievement in innovative TILT-UP design and CONSTRUCTION since TILT-UP concrete Association was created by a dedicated group of CONSTRUCTION professionals interested in improving the quality and acceptance of TILT-UP mission is to expand and improve the use of TILT-UP as the preferred CONSTRUCTION method by providing education and resources that enhance quality and Box 204113 First Street NWMount Vernon, Iowa 52314 Office 319-895-6911 Fax THE CONSTRUCTION OF tilt -UP2 The CONSTRUCTION OF tilt -UPThe CONSTRUCTION OF tilt -UPFirst editionPublished byTilt-Up concrete Association113 First Street NWMount Vernon, Iowa 2011 TILT-UP concrete AssociationAll rights and bound in the United States of AmericaISBN: 978-0-9678499-7-3No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from the publisher, except in the context of reasonable attempt has been made to identify owners of or omissions will be published on the publisher s website and will be corrected in subsequent by the staff of the TILT-UP concrete AssociationContributing editor - Wendy Ward, Constructive Communicationseditorial Interns: laura lindsay, Chris Stadler, Melissa Peebles and Katherine CarrArt direction: Mitch BloomquistGraphic design and layout.

2 Megan rifeWArNING AND DISClAIMerThis book is intended to provide information about TILT-UP design and CONSTRUCTION , and although it is likely that there may be errors, both of omission and commission, or typographical, neither the authors nor the TILT-UP concrete Association makes any warranty, either express or implied, as to the accuracy of the material or to its suitability for a specific application, nor do they accept any liability for damages of any form resulting from the use of the information contained or adaption of the CONSTRUCTION details and example structural calculations should only be done by qualified engineers and must be the responsibility of those persons. All information contained herein is subject to change without reader should also be aware that other qualified engineers, architects, or contractors may have differences of opinion about the information you do not agree with these conditions, return this manual within 30 days and receive a refund for the price of the CONTENTSSECTION 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO TILT-UP 7 What Is TILT-UP ?

3 A Brief history Of TILT-UP The TILT-UP Process TILT-UP Today The TILT-UP MarketTilt-Up vs. Precast concrete BuildingsTilt-Up vs. Masonry BuildingsSECTION 2 PLANNING THE TILT-UP BUILDING 29 design The Architectural Challenge Of TILT-UP Dispelling The Myths Of TILT-UP The Minimum Size TILT-UP Building Multi-Story TILT-UP Buildings Other Site Uses Of TILT-UP Achieving A Continuous Glass line Panel Sizes And Shape Will There Be enough Casting Space? What About Sloped Floors? Paint reveals What About Curved Panels?

4 What About Protrusuions From The Panel Surface? SECTION 3 THE FLOOR SLAB AND FOUNDATIONS 59 Floor Slabs For tilt -UpSteps In Designing A Floor Slabhow Thick Should The Floor Slab Be?Temporary CONSTRUCTION loadsA Well Compacted Subgrade Is essentialIs A Base Necessary?Specifying The ConcreteAdmixtures And When To Use Themhow Much concrete Do You Need?More About SlumpWhy concrete CracksControlling ShrinkageCrack Control JointsSpacing Of Control JointsJoint layoutTypes Of JointsSlab Joint Treatmentsreinforcing In SlabsDowels Across JointsTilt-Up vs. Metal BuildingsTypes Of Buildings Suited For tilt -UpThe Advantages Of tilt -UpThe CONSTRUCTION TeamTilt-Up Certification Stuctural Considerations Panelizing The Buidling Surface Finishes how Panels Are Joined Fire ratings Of TILT-UP Walls Thermal Performance Of Wall Panels Pre- CONSTRUCTION Production Schedule Submittlas Selecting The TILT-UP Sub Additional Stages Market Your Services Where To Get helpPlacing And Finishing The Slablaser Screed PlacementMore About Bleeding Curling Surface Cracks.

5 Causes And PreventivesSizes Of Crackshow To Measure The Width Of A CrackCurlingSlab Surface TolerancesThe F-Number System Standard Test Method For Determining FloorSloped Floors And Utility PenetrationsOther Slab ProblemsOther Slab FeaturesThe Perfect Floor SlabCasting BedsSand BedsThe Foundation SystemThe CONSTRUCTION Sequence81114161718183030313537383838394 0414242606162636464656668686869697071717 3747520202224264345464848495052535455555 6767677777878797980808081818282828284854 The CONSTRUCTION OF tilt -UPInterior Fooding PadsFoundations Supporting Wall PanelsSpecifying concrete For FoundationsPlacing The FoundationSECTION 4 PANEL LAYOUT AND FORMING 93 Crane Types And Capacities AvailableThe Decision To lift From Inside Or OutsideThe Ability To Stack Cast And Where To Use Stacking As An AdvantageThe Decision To Use Temporary Casting Beds And how ManyThe layout And Sequencing ProcessForming Materials and MethodsForming Panel FeaturesSECTION 5 REINFORCEMENT, INSERTS.

6 AND EMBEDMENTS 117 Panel reinforcementTypes Of reinforcementreinforcing Steel Shop DrawingsWelded reinforcement Matsembedded Items SECTION 6 PLACING AND FINISHING THE PANELS 129 The Placing OperationPlacement SequenceSandwich CONSTRUCTION ProcessConsolidationFinishing And CurlingSECTION 7 LIFTING, SETTING, AND BRACING THE PANELS 139 The Big DayThe Day Of TruthSelecting The erection ContractorPlanning For lift Dayhold A Safety MeetingAbout CranesCrane Selectionrigging Fundamentalsrigging SafetyThe rigging CrewPanel Preparationlifting Inserts And hardwareBracing The Panels StrongbacksThe lifting SequenceBracing Connection AlternativesPanel Brace MaintenanceForm linersForming ObstacalsForming PocketsForming MethodsForming Preparations And layoutForming Curved PanelsForming Irregular Panel ShapesSealing The FormsBond Breakerlifting And Bracing InsertsStructural embedsChord Bars ContaminantsThe Mix DesignPlacing equipmenthot Weather PrecautionsCold Weather PrecautionsBrace removalWhen To release The Panel TolerancesFooting PreparationWhat

7 If A Panel Sticks?erecting Unusual Panel Sizes And Shapeserecting linelsTandem Piocksreverse PicksSuitcase PicksStacked Panelserecting Yard Wall PanelsSome lifting ProblemsWalking A PanelThe Walk-Out PanelCrane Access rampsThe erection ManualGrout Setting PadsStepped FootingsFootings Under Freestanding Walls86868989949595959696969910311712012 2122123130131131132139140140141144146148 1481501511511521541581581651669091911041 0510610610710710911011012312512612613313 4135136166166166167168169171172173174174 1751751761771771775 SECTION 8 CONNECTIONS AND FINISHING TOUCHES 179 Chord Bar ConnectionsOther ConnectionsGrout The Space Beneath The PanelsPlace The Closure Stripremoving Form linersremove The Temporary Bracesroof And elevated Floor

8 Connections To The WallPanel To Footing ConnectionsPanel To Slab On Grade ConnectionsPanel To Panel ConnectionsGUIDELINE SPECIFICATIONS 201 PHOTO INDEX 219 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 220 Surface PreparationPatching The exterior SurfaceWhat To Do With larger Cracks Caulking Joints Between PanelsSandblastingBush hammeringPaintingInterior Insulation Systemsexterior Insulation Finish SystemsSome Problems And remedies18018118218218318418418518618718 8188190191192194195196197197 The original TILT-UP concrete Association (TCA) Guideline Specification for TILT-UP concrete CONSTRUCTION was drafted and offered in 1994. TCA has revised this document to incorporate the current State-of-the-Art practices for site cast TILT-UP panels as well as to incorporate the improved technology that has been made available to the market over the past ten years.

9 6 The CONSTRUCTION OF tilt -UP7 The TILT-UP concrete Association (TCA) conducted a survey in 2007 revealing approximately 790 million sq. ft. of TILT-UP buildings were constructed that year equating to an estimated 11,000 to 12,000 buildings. These projects ranged in size from 4,000 sq. ft. to several exceeding 1 million sq. ft. And the numbers keep growing as more architects, engineers, contractors, and developers become aware of the many advantages of the TILT-UP method for constructing walls for low-rise industrial and commercial began more than 65 years ago as a novel way to build concrete walls for warehouses and manufacturing plants grew to a multi-billion dollar market, with an estimated 15% of all low-rise commercial and industrial buildings constructed with TILT-UP . In some areas, the figure approaches 100% as the use of TILT-UP for two- to five-story commercial buildings is claiming an increasing share of the CONSTRUCTION market.

10 Imaginative design professionals are now applying the TILT-UP method to office buildings, shopping centers, distribution centers, schools, prisons, auto dealerships, banks, hotels/motels and other building 1AN INTRODUCTION TO tilt -UPAn extraordinary series of photos chronicling the CONSTRUCTION of Express Scripts Building 3 in Saint Louis, Missouri support the text throughout this publication. The images were provided to the TCA courtesy of photographer Matthew McFarland and TCA Sustaining Member concrete Strategies. More information on these photos can be found in the photo index at the end of this The CONSTRUCTION OF tilt -UPThe use of TILT-UP is growing rapidly, and its share of the CONSTRUCTION market is expanding as its advantages become known--the perma-nence of concrete at low cost and a shortened CONSTRUCTION time--and as the expertise to design and build TILT-UP structures becomes more widely guide is not all-inclusive, yet presents basic concepts, techniques, and procedures involved in TILT-UP CONSTRUCTION .