The Critique Of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant

1 The Critique Of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant Translation and Comments by Philip McPherson Rudisill Completed on October 17, 2019, with editing on-going as of November 5, 2021. This translation is of the second (B) version of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason . In the attached Kantian appendices will be found those major portions of the first (A). version which are not included in the second version, primarily: the Preface, the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories and the Paralogisms. The reader may find it helpful to peruse Appendix regarding the translator's take on the Transcendental Aesthetic and Appendix for the translator's take on the 1st (A) version of the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories.

2 The numbering system of sentences and paragraphs has originated with this trans- lator. The number , for example, denotes the first paragraph in a given section and the first sentence of that paragraph, while a sentence numbered indicates it is the fourth sentence of the second paragraph. There is a concise summation of this Critique beginning on page vi of Kant's Religion Within The Bounds Of Sheer Reason . And it may also be helpful to pe- ruse Tips For Novices To Kantland. Table Of Contents Preface ..1. Introduction ..23. I. The Distinction between Pure and Empirical Recognitions ..23. II. We are in Possession of certain Recognitions a priori and even the Common Un- derstanding is never without such.

3 24. III. Philosophy is in Need of a Science which determines the Possibility, Principles and Scope of all Recognitions a priori ..27. IV. The Distinction Between Analytical and Synthetical Judgments ..29. V. Synthetical Judgments a priori are Contained as Principles in all Theoretical Sci- ences of Reason ..32. VI. The Universal Task of Pure Reason ..36. VII. Idea and Division of a Particular Science under the Name of a Critique of Pure Reason ..40. I. The Transcendental Doctrine of Elements ..45. First Part..45. The Transcendental Aesthetic ..45. 1..45. 1st Section. Concerning Space ..48. 2. The Metaphysical Exposition of the Concept of Space ..48.

4 3. Transcendental Exposition of the Concept of Conclusions from the above Concepts ..53. 2nd Section. Concerning Time ..57. 4. The Metaphysical Exposition of the Concept of Time ..57. 5. Transcendental Exposition of the Concept of Time ..59. 6. Conclusions from the above 7. Exposition ..63. 8. General Remarks to the Transcendental Aesthetic ..69. Conclusion of the Transcendental Second Part ..81. The Transcendental Logic ..81. Introduction. Idea of a Transcendental Logic ..81. I. Concerning Logic in General ..81. II. Transcendental Logic ..86. III. The Division of Universal Logic into the Analytic and IV. Division of Transcendental Logic into Transcendental Analytic and Dialectic.

5 92. First Division. The Transcendental Analytic ..94. First Book. Analytic of the 1st Chapter. Clues for the Discovery of all Pure Concepts of Understanding ..96. Transcendental Clues for Discovering all Pure Concepts of Understanding ..97. 1st Section. The Logical Usage of Understanding in General ..97. 2nd Section ..100. #9. Regarding the Logical Function of the Understanding in 3rd Section ..106. #10. The Pure Concepts of Understanding or Categories ..106. #11..112. #12..115. 2nd Chapter. Deduction Of The Pure Concepts Of The Understanding ..117. 1st Section ..117. #13. Principles of a Transcendental Deduction in General ..117. #14. Transition to the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories.

6 123. 2nd Section. Transcendental Deduction Of The Categories ..127. #15. Possibility of a Connection in General ..127. #16. Originally synthetic Unity of Apperception ..128. #17. Principle of the synthetic Unity of the Apperception is the Supreme Principle of Every Usage of the Understanding ..131. #18. Objective Unity Of The Self-Consciousness ..134. #19. Logical Form of All Judgments Consists In the Objective Unity of the Apper- ception of the Concepts Contained in Them ..135. #20. All Sensitive Perspectives are Subject to the Categories as Conditions Under Which Alone their Manifold can Cohere in a Consciousness ..136. #21. Remark ..137. #22. The Category Serves no Other Purpose for the Recognition Of Things than its Application to Objects of Experience.

7 138. #23..140. #24. Application of the Categories to Objects of the Senses in #25..146. #26. Transcendental Deduction of the Universally Possible Usage of the Pure Concepts of Understanding In Experience..148. #27. Result of this Deduction of the Concepts of Short Encapsulation of this Deduction ..155. Second Book. Analytic of the Principles ..156. Introduction. The Transcendental Judgment in 1st Chapter. Schema of the Pure Understanding 2nd Chapter. System of All Principles of Pure Understanding ..169. 1st Section. Highest Principle of All Analytical Judgments ..171. 2nd Section. Supreme Principles of All Synthetical Judgments ..174. 3rd Section. Systematic Representation of All Synthetical Principles of the Pure Understanding.

8 178. 1. Axioms of Perspective ..182. 2. Anticipations of Perception ..187. 3. Analogies of Experience ..196. A. First Analogy. Principle of the Endurance of B. Second Analogy. Principle of the Time Series According to the Law of C. Third Analogy. Principle of Simultaneity According to the Law of Reciproca- tion, or Communality ..228. 4. Postulates of Empirical Thinking in General ..236. Refutation of Idealism ..242. General Remarks To The System Of Principles ..253. 3rd Chapter. Concerning the Basis of the Differentiation of all Objects in general into Phenomena and Appendix. Amphiboly of the Concepts of Reflection Through a Confusion of the Em- pirical Usage with the Transcendental Usages of the Understanding.

9 275. Remark to the Amphiboly of Concepts of Reflection ..280. Second Division. Transcendental Introduction ..298. I. Transcendental Semblance ..298. II. Pure Reason as the Seat of the Transcendental Semblance ..303. A. Reason in General ..303. B. The Logical Use of Reason ..307. C. The Pure Employment of Reason ..309. First Book - The Concepts of Pure Reason ..312. 1st Section - The Ideas in General ..314. 2nd Section - The Transcendental Ideas ..320. 3rd Section - System Of The Transcendental Ideas ..329. Second Book. The Dialectical Inferences of Pure Reason ..334. 1st Chapter - The Paralogisms of Pure Reason ..336. Refutation of the Mendelssohn Proof of the Persistence of the Soul.

10 347. Conclusion of the Solution of the Psychological General Remark On the Transition from Rational Psychology to Cosmology..358. 2nd Chapter - The Antinomy of Pure 1st Section. System of Cosmological Ideas ..363. 2nd Section. Antithetic of Pure Reason ..372. The 3rd Section - Concerning The Interest of Reason In This Its Conflict ..377. 4th Section - The Transcendental Task of Pure Reason to the Extent it must utterly be Subject to Solution ..387. 5th Section - Skeptical Representation of the Cosmological Questions through all four Transcendental Ideas ..393. 6th Section - Concerning Transcendental Idealism, as the Key for the Solution of the Cosmological Dialectic.