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The Difference of Conflict Management Styles and Conflict ...

Business & Entrepreneurship Journal, , , 2012, 141-155 ISSN: 2241-3022 (print version), 2241-312X (online) Scienpress Ltd, 2012 The Difference of Conflict Management Styles and Conflict Resolution in Workplace Lim Jin Huan1 and Rashad Yazdanifard2 Abstract This paper is a review of Conflict Management Styles and Conflict resolution from the managers and supervisors point of view. Conflict is an inevitable fact for any organization. Leaders should understand and apply various Conflict Management techniques and Conflict resolution Styles in order to form strong relationships with subordinates. Conflict is a situation when two or more parties are in disagreement. Unresolved Conflict can negatively impact the success of an organization.

The Difference of Conflict Management Styles 145 and Gellatly, 2007). If affective commitment is low, employees may cease their

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1 Business & Entrepreneurship Journal, , , 2012, 141-155 ISSN: 2241-3022 (print version), 2241-312X (online) Scienpress Ltd, 2012 The Difference of Conflict Management Styles and Conflict Resolution in Workplace Lim Jin Huan1 and Rashad Yazdanifard2 Abstract This paper is a review of Conflict Management Styles and Conflict resolution from the managers and supervisors point of view. Conflict is an inevitable fact for any organization. Leaders should understand and apply various Conflict Management techniques and Conflict resolution Styles in order to form strong relationships with subordinates. Conflict is a situation when two or more parties are in disagreement. Unresolved Conflict can negatively impact the success of an organization.

2 So, leaders must learn how to address and manage Conflict depending on the situation and the party involved. While the internet has increased organizational performance, it has also added new types of Conflict . Workplace conflicts may result in absenteeism and affect employee loyalty. JEL classification numbers: M1 Keywords: Conflict Management , Conflict resolution, Internet Conflict 1 Lim Jin Huan Center of Southern New Hampshire University Program, Department of HELP College of Arts and Technology, Jalan Chan Sow Lin, 55100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. e-mail: 2 Rashad Yazdanifard Center of Southern New Hampshire University Program, Department of HELP College of Arts and Technology, Jalan Chan Sow Lin, 55100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

3 E-mail: Article Info: Received : August 2, 2012. Revised : September 1, 2012 Published online : November 1, 2012 . 142 J. H. Lim and R. Yazdanifard 1 Introduction A Conflict usually occurs when two or more people communicate. When people think of Conflict in simple terms, they think that happens when serious issues and anger is invoked in communication process. Conflict is misinterpreting one s words or value. Inappropriate, poor communicated information and selecting the wrong channel to transmit the information arise in the parties. There are numerous Conflict Management Styles such as passive aggressive style, forcing style, avoiding style, accommodating style, compromising style, and collaborating style.

4 There are two different types of Conflict ; one of it is task Conflict and focuses on the ways to resolve problems. The other type of Conflict is called relationship Conflict and focuses on blaming other parties rather than resolve the Conflict . Relationship Conflict is negative in most of the people s perceptions. Conflict in an organization affects the commitment and absenteeism of employees. Nowadays, employees have strong beliefs. According to Pygmalion s Theory, the supervisors attitude and expectations of employees and how they treat them largely determine the employees performance. When a Conflict arises between supervisor and subordinates, and the employees think that the supervisors has low expectation of them, the employees will be committed and may use absenteeism to escape (avoiding style) from the Conflict .

5 Managers, supervisors, employers and leaders should use different type of Conflict Management Styles when facing different kind of subordinates, employees and team members. If a manager (employer or leader) only uses one type of Conflict Management style in handling all Conflict in the workplace, it may not work as they expect it to. In Conflict response, a supervisor is not only affecting the relationship between the supervisor-subordinate, it also affects the trust and loyalty of subordinate that perceived a supervisor as a representative of the organization. Despite that, there are several factors that can trigger a Conflict . By understanding the types of Conflict , supervisors can use appropriate Conflict resolution Styles .

6 If a Conflict is left unresolved, it may cause serious consequences. In today s globalization era, the internet is a widely used communication tool. Although internet communication has increased the efficiency and productivity of organizations, it has also created new types of conflicts . Conflict through internet has become more frequent. 2 Types of Conflict According to Flanagan and Ruden (2008), research over the past fifteen years has determined that there are two essential types of Conflict in organizations: task Conflict and relationship Conflict . Task Conflict concentrates on how to resolve problems caused by differences in viewpoints, ideas and opinions. Researchers have discovered that Conflict will result in creativity and improved decision-making.

7 It is another way to acknowledge Conflict in a positive term. The Difference of Conflict Management Styles 143 The second type of Conflict is known as relationship Conflict . Examples of relationship Conflict are disagreements about values, personal or family norms, or about personal taste. People refer to relationship Conflict in negative terms. There is a reason why people always use negative words to describe Conflict . This is because they are often involved in relationship Conflict . Researchers have showed that relationship Conflict lowers the productivity and motivation amongst team members. Insufficient communication amongst team members can lead to less choices and poor decisions.

8 In additions, team members may simply agree to a decision without thinking of the impacts and quality of implementation. 3 Sources of Conflict Conflict can be a big issue in the workplace. It may occur between manager and subordinate, teacher and student, doctor and nurse. Especially in the medical field, according to Breen, Abernethy, Abbot and Tulsky (2001), differences of opinion are predictably common in difficult, high-pressure work environment; such as intensive care unit, emergency department and operation room. Inaccurate, incorrect, and poorly communicated information is common among the Conflict parties. Breakdown leads to misunderstanding of staff and Conflict among team members.

9 Poor communication can readily lead to compromised patient safety (Awad, Fagan, Bellows et al., Am, 2005; as cited in Katz, 2007) and has been recognized as a root cause of 35% of anesthesia-related, sentinel events. This regularly occurs when only one member of the team has the authority to access the bits of information, such as a preoperative laboratory test or consultation. Even if all of them have same opportunity to access the same information, different individuals may have different perceptions of the meaning, based on their specialized understanding and role expectations. conflicts arising from role expectations are especially prevalent in intensive care units of hospitals.

10 Most of the health care centers have their own hierarchical decision-making procedure. There are negative personality traits that can trigger Conflict . Personality traits commonly found among surgeons and anaesthesiologists, such as perfectionism, compulsiveness, and reliance on scientific evidence can make it more difficult for these physicians to admit others skills and to resign control (Vaillant, Sobowale and McArthur, 1972; Kressel, Kennedy and Lev, 2002; Thomas, Sexton and Helmreich, 2003). Also, a number of conflicts may occur in a preoperative phase, when the surgeons disagree with each other s opinions. 4 Consequences of Unresolved Conflict According to Journal of Anesthesia, the consequences of unresolved Conflict can be divided into two categories: indirect and direct.


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