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THE EFFECTS OF TOURISM IMPACTS UPON QUALITY OF …

THE EFFECTS OF TOURISM IMPACTS upon QUALITY OF life OF RESIDENTS IN THE COMMUNITY By Kyungmi Kim Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Hospitality and TOURISM Management APPROVED: _____ Muzaffer Uysal, Chairman _____ _____ Ken McCleary M. Joseph Sirgy _____ _____ Susan Hutchinson Joseph Chen November 5, 2002 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Perceptions, TOURISM IMPACTS , Development Cycle and QUALITY of life Copyright 2002, Kyungmi Kim The EFFECTS of TOURISM IMPACTS upon QUALITY of life of residents in the community Kyungmi Kim Committee Chair: Muzaffer Uysal Department of Hospitality and TOURISM Management ABSTRACT This study investigates how TOURISM affects the QUALITY of life (QOL) of residents in TOURISM destinations that vary in the stage of development.

The effects of tourism impacts upon Quality of Life of residents in the community Kyungmi Kim Committee Chair: Muzaffer Uysal Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management ABSTRACT This study investigates how tourism affects the quality of life (QOL) of residents in tourism destinations that vary in the stage of development.

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  Quality, Life, Impact, Effect, Tourism, Upon, The quality of life, Effects of tourism impacts upon quality of, Effects of tourism impacts upon quality of life

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Transcription of THE EFFECTS OF TOURISM IMPACTS UPON QUALITY OF …

1 THE EFFECTS OF TOURISM IMPACTS upon QUALITY OF life OF RESIDENTS IN THE COMMUNITY By Kyungmi Kim Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Hospitality and TOURISM Management APPROVED: _____ Muzaffer Uysal, Chairman _____ _____ Ken McCleary M. Joseph Sirgy _____ _____ Susan Hutchinson Joseph Chen November 5, 2002 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Perceptions, TOURISM IMPACTS , Development Cycle and QUALITY of life Copyright 2002, Kyungmi Kim The EFFECTS of TOURISM IMPACTS upon QUALITY of life of residents in the community Kyungmi Kim Committee Chair: Muzaffer Uysal Department of Hospitality and TOURISM Management ABSTRACT This study investigates how TOURISM affects the QUALITY of life (QOL) of residents in TOURISM destinations that vary in the stage of development.

2 The proposed model in this study structurally depicts that satisfaction with life in general derives from the satisfaction with particular life domains. Overall life satisfaction is derived from material well-being, which includes the consumer s sense of well being as it is related to material possessions, community well-being, emotional well-being, and health and safety well-being domains. The model also posits that residents perception of TOURISM IMPACTS (economic, social, cultural, and environmental) affects their satisfaction of particular life domains. Lastly, this study investigates that TOURISM development stages moderate the relationship between residents perception of TOURISM IMPACTS and their satisfaction with particular life domains.

3 Accordingly, the study proposed four major hypotheses: (1) residents perception of TOURISM IMPACTS affects their QOL in the community, (2) residents satisfaction with particular life domains is affected by the perception of particular TOURISM impact dimensions, (3) residents satisfaction with particular life domains affects residents life satisfaction in general, and (4) the relationship between residents perception of TOURISM IMPACTS and their satisfaction with particulate life domains is moderated by TOURISM development stages. The sample population consisting of residents residing in Virginia was surveyed. The sample was proportionally stratified on the basis of TOURISM development stages covering counties and cities in the state.

4 Three hundred and twenty-one respondents completed the survey. Structural Equation Modeling and Hierarchical Multiple Regression were used to test study hypotheses. The results revealed that the residents perception of TOURISM IMPACTS did affect their satisfaction with particular life domains significantly, and their satisfaction with particular life domains influenced their overall life satisfaction. The hypothesized moderating effect of TOURISM development stages on the relationship between the perception of TOURISM IMPACTS and the satisfaction with particular life domains was not supported. The results indicated that the relationship between the economic impact of TOURISM and the satisfaction with material well-being, and the relationship between the social impact of TOURISM and the satisfaction with community well-being were strongest among residents in communities characterized to be in the maturity stage of TOURISM development.

5 This finding is consistent with social disruption theory which postulates that boomtown communities initially enter into a period of generalized crisis, resulting from the traditional stress of sudden, dramatic increases in demand for public services and improving community infrastructure (England and Albrecht s (1984). Additionally, residents develop adaptive behaviors that reduce their individual exposure to stressful situations. Through this process, the QOL of residents is expected to initially decline, and then improve as the community and its residents adapt to the new situation (Krannich, Berry & Greider, 1989). However, when a community enters into the decline stage of TOURISM development, the relationship between the economic impact of TOURISM and the satisfaction with material well-being, and the relationship between the social impact of TOURISM and the satisfaction with community well-being may be considered to be the capacity of the destination area to absorb tourists before the host population would feel negative IMPACTS .)

6 This is consistent with the theoretical foundation of carrying capacity, suggesting that when TOURISM reaches its maturity or maximum limit, residents QOL may start deteriorating. Further, the relationship between the cultural impact of TOURISM and the satisfaction with emotional well-being, and the relationship between the environmental impact of TOURISM and the satisfaction with health and safety well-being were strongest in the decline stage of TOURISM development. Neither the theories of social carrying capacity nor social disruption offered much to explain this result. However, this result is consistent with Butler s (1980) argument that in the decline stage, more tourist facilities disappear as the area becomes less attractive to tourists and the viability of existing tourist facilities becomes more available to residents in the destination community.

7 As residents perception of negative environmental IMPACTS increases, their satisfaction with health and safety well-being decreases in the decline stage of TOURISM development unless the area as a destination provides rejuvenating or alternative planning options. It has been well established that residents in certain types of TOURISM communities might perceive a certain type of TOURISM impact unacceptable, while in other communities, the same impact type may be more acceptable. Thus, the study suggests that the proposed model should be further tested and verified using longitudinal data. To My Loving Parents But when perfection comes, the imperfect disappears. When I was a child, I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child.

8 When I became a man, I put childish ways behind me. Now we see but a poor reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known. And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love. - Corinthians I: 13:10-13 - iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A project of this magnitude is not an individual endeavor. Consequently, I dedicate this dissertation to the many individuals who provided support, encouragement and assistance for its realization. A very special gratitude goes to my committee members, Dr. Muzaffer Uysal, Dr. Ken McCleary, Dr. Joseph Sirgy, Dr. Susan Hutchinson and Dr. Joseph Chen, for their support and input.

9 Dr. Muzaffer Uysal, committee Chairman, has been an inspiration and a mentor for me throughout my doctoral pursuit. I am sincerely grateful for the research opportunities he afforded me. Particularly valued are his accessibility, the breadth and depth of his knowledge, and his ability to instill confidence. In particular, his unique way of encouraging me with research opportunities and praise has benefited me greatly and has guided me in the accomplishment of my dissertation. For helping me stretch and reach for the best, I am grateful to Dr. Joseph M. Sirgy. His expansive knowledge and firm commitment to supporting this work have set high standards, which allowed me to explore and discover on my own.

10 And also the gift he offered me was the inspiration to be all that I could be, to reach beyond what is acceptable to what is excellent. I wish to thank Dr. Ken McCleary for his assistance in elucidating the research question, and resecifying unclear location and inconsistence. His cheerful nature of expansive knowledge and academic diligence are highly valued. Dr. Susan Hutchinson s gift of making students feel comfortable asking question is especially appreciated. Her probing question was helpful in discerning the precepts underlying my research in statistical area. Gratitude is expressed for her sincerely and sagacity. I would like to thank you Dr. Joseph Chen for offering many insight and keen questions and that contributed to this study and for showing me kindness when I needed it most.


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