The feed analysis laboratory: Establishment and quality ...

1 GuidelinesISSN 1810-070815 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTHA nimal feed quality is crucial in the livestock sector. This document presents the sequence of activities for establishing a Feed quality analysis Laboratory from initial planning, building and layout; through hiring suitable staff and selecting methods and equipment; and culminating in accreditation, based on an estimated four-year time quality Management System is stressed, and the document highlights validation of methods, personnel and training; systematic equipment maintenance and calibration; proficiency testing; quality control procedures; reporting; and FEED analysis LABORATORY: Establishment ANDQUALITY CONTROLS etting up a feed analysis laboratory, and implementing a quality assurance system compliant with ISO/IEC 17025:2005I3535E/1 978-92-5-108071-9 ISSN 1810-0708978925108071915 FAOThe feed analysis laboratory: Establishment and quality controlCover photographs:Left and centre: de JongeRight: FAO/Jon SpaullFAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTHFOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE united NATIONSRome, de Jonge Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen UniversityThe JacksonManager, Nutrition LaboratoryMassey UniversityNew ZealandEditorHarinder MakkarTHE FEED analysis LABORATORY.

2 Establishment ANDQUALITY CONTROLS etting up a feed analysis laboratory, and implementing a quality assurance system compliant with ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Recommended Citationde Jonge, & Jackson, 2013. The feed analysis laboratory: Establishment and quality control. Setting up a feed analysis laboratory, and implementing a quality assurance system compliant with ISO/IEC 17025:2005. Makkar, ed. Animal Production and Health Guidelines No. 15. Rome, designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the united Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

3 The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of 978-92-5-108071-9 (print)E-ISBN 978-92-5-108072-6 (PDF) FAO, 2013 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO s endorsement of users views, products or services is not implied in any way.

4 All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via or addressed to information products are available on the FAO website ( ) and can be purchased through iiiForeword viiAbbreviations viiiAcknowledgements ixChapter 1 Introduction Background

5 Aim A road map of the document 2 Chapter 2 Development of a business plan Introduction Approach for development of a business plan type of laboratory to be developed Market analysis for potential customers and their needs types of analyses Market analysis for available laboratory services evaluation and decision making 7 Chapter 3 Setting up and running the laboratory Introduction Physical realization of the laboratory the analytical process Methods to be made operational Building and facilities equipment Organizational structure and responsibilities of personnel Realization of the laboratory Procedures Continuity and improvement of the laboratory 28ivChapter 4 Implementation of a quality Management System and the road to accreditation Introduction Basic principles of quality technical level Organization level Commercial level Reading and interpretation of ISO/IEC 17025:2005.

6 A road map for building a high quality system First situation: Routine stand-alone feed analysis laboratory Introduction Initial phase First year Second year third year Fourth year Second situation: Routine laboratory connected to a feed manufacturer Third situation: Laboratory as part of a research organization Fourth situation: Government or reference laboratories 60 Sources used 63appendIx a Ensuring quality analytical performance 65appendIx B First line of quality control and the use of Shewhart charts 73appendIx C Validation requirements 77appendIx dCalculation of uncertainty of measurement 79appendIx e An example of technical records for a determination 81vappendIx F An example of a maintenance and calibration document 83appendIx GAn example of a training record 85appendIx hProcedure for traceability of volumetric calibration 87appendIx ITrend analysis 89viiForewordFeed has a fundamental influence on productivity, health and welfare of the animal.

7 Feed quality influences animal product quality and safety, and the environment. To achieve bal-ance among these parameters, the animal s nutritional requirements must be properly in the nutritional information on any feed or feed ingredient provided by suppliers is critical for buyers because it provides a guarantee of feed quality . Current reports from many countries suggest that manufacturers and buyers do not always have confidence in the data provided from non-accredited laboratories, which can negatively affect market prices and international trade. It is therefore important that laboratories work towards adopting a quality Assurance System for all of their routine feed analyses. This has been detailed in two FAO Animal Production and Health Manuals: No.

8 14, quality Assurance for Animal Feed analysis Laboratories, and No. 16, quality Assurance for Microbiology in Feed analysis only must the methods used be of an internationally recognized standard, but all steps in the process, from the initial sample submission through to the final report preparation, must be traceable. An internationally accredited laboratory gives producers and buyers of feed a great deal of confidence in the data they receive. This provides wider market possibilities for feed manufacturers. Also, the right nutritional information about feed ingredients and feeds will enable preparation of balanced diets that meet the nutritional requirements to match the physiological stage of animals and to satisfy the farmer s husbandry document presents a step-by-step process to guide the laboratory management team through the various stages, from planning the feed analysis laboratory building and layout, to hiring suitable staff and choosing which methods to set up, with appropriate equipment requirements.

9 A detailed guideline for initiating a quality Management System starts with validation of methods, personnel and training; addresses systematic equipment maintenance, calibration, proficiency testing and quality control procedures; and final reporting and auditing, all culminating in a final accreditation inspection within an estimated four-year time authors have extensive laboratory experience as well as personal experience with successfully bringing non-accredited laboratories up to an internationally recognized accredi-tation standard. The content of the document has been peer reviewed by a large number of experts and their suggestions incorporated. The guidelines presented will assist governments and feed manufacturers, as well as a range of institutions, including research and education, to work towards Establishment of a feed analysis laboratory whether as an integral unit or as an independent commercial laboratory with internationally recognized G.

10 TekolaDirectorAnimal Production and Health UnitAASA tomic Absorption SpectroscopyANOVAA nalysis of varianceCRMC ertified Reference MaterialCUSUMC umulative sum FAOFood and Agriculture Organization of the united NationsFAO/IAEAFAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology LaboratoryGC Gas chromatographyGC-FIDGas Chromatography-Flame Ionization DetectorGC-MSGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryHPLCHigh Performance Liquid ChromatographyIAEAI nternational Atomic Energy AgencyICPI nductively Coupled Plasma [ analysis ] ICP-AESI nductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission SpectroscopyILACI nternational Laboratory Accreditation CooperationISOI nternational Organization for StandardizationLC-MS Liquid Chromatograph Mass SpectrometerLIMSL aboratory Information Management SystemLOD Limit of DetectionLOQL imit of QuantificationMSMass SpectrometerMS-MSSequential mass spectrometryMUMeasurement of uncertaintyNIRNear-Infrared SpectrometryPRPublic RelationsPSGP roject Steering GroupQAQuality AssuranceQMSQ uality Management SystemR&DResearch and developmentROIR eturn on InvestmentSDStandard deviationSOPS tandard operating procedureUVUltravioletixAcknowledgements We thank all peer reviewers, listed below.