The Freiburg Study

1 The Freiburg StudyPreliminary Findings Free Radicals and Oxygen Metabolism MItochondrial Free Radicals Inflammation (hs-CRP) Blood Lipids (Cholesterol, Triglycerides) Blood Pressure (Systolic, Diastolic, Nitric Oxide) Energy Utilization (Heart Rate) Sugar Metabolism (Blood Glucose, HbA1c, HOMA)The Freiburg Study Preliminary BeforesupplementationDay 16 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementationDay 16 weeks12 weeks**RESTING ROSEXERCISE-INDUCED ROSR estingControlDay 16 weeks12 < < < two samples for meansExerciseControlDay 16 weeks12 < < < two samples for meansFree Radicals and Oxygen Metabolism: Resting vs.

2 ExerciseRESTING ROS 1 HOURROS DURING EXERCISE 1 HOURIn the Study , free radicals were measured as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). After just one hour, Study subjects recorded a 10% reduction in ROS during exercise. After six weeks of supplementation, the 48 subjects recorded an average of a reduction in ROS while resting. This number dropped to an average reduction in ROS during WEEKS WEEKS The Freiburg Study Preliminary BeforesupplementationDay 16 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementationDay 16 weeks12 weeks**RESTING ROSEXERCISE-INDUCED ROSR estingControlDay 16 weeks12 < < < two samples for meansExerciseControlDay 16 weeks12 < < < two samples for meansRESTING ROS 1 HOURROS DURING EXERCISE 1 HOURM itochondria are the energy centers of the cell.

3 Free radicals interfere with mitochondrial function. A reduction in free radicals in mitochondria increases the efficiency of energy Free Radicals: Before and After WEEKS WEEKS The Freiburg Study Preliminary BUT ELEVATEDA improvement in inflammation resistance was recorded just one hour after taking the supplements for the very first 12 weeks of supplementation, the reduction in inflammation response was much greater. Subjects who had higher hs-CRP, but within normal range, recorded a significant reduction in : hs-CRP Beforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeks**hs-CRPEVERYONEhs-CRPHEALTHY BUT ELEVATED (> )

4 Hs-CRPhs-CRPE veryoneControl6 weeks12 two samples for meansElevated > weeks12 two samples for means BeforesupplementationDay 16 weeks12 weeks**RESISTANCE TO INDUCED INFLAMMATIONR esistanceControlDay 16 weeks12 < < < two samples for meansRESISTANCE TO INDUCED INFLAMMATION WEEKS WEEKS The Freiburg Study Preliminary 250240230220210200190180170 9085807570656055504540 250240230220210200190180170 9085807570656055504540 Beforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeks**TOTAL CHOLESTEROLEVERYONEHDL CHOLESTEROLEVERYONETOTAL CHOLESTEROLHEALTHY BUT ELEVATEDHDL CHOLESTEROLHEALTHY BUT LOWE veryoneControl6 weeks12 < < two samples for meansEveryoneControl6 weeks12 two samples for meansElevatedControl6 weeks12 < < two samples for meansLowControl6 weeks12 two samples for meansBlood Lipids: Total CholesterolTOTAL CHOLESTEROLHDL CHOLESTEROLTOTAL CHOLESTEROLHDL CHOLESTEROLThe 48 subjects recorded an average reduction in total cholesterol in their blood, bringing the average down to within the ideal range.

5 It s interesting to note that those subjects whose cholesterol levels were elevated recorded an even greater reduction of in total cholesterol Lipids: HDL CholesterolHEALTHY BUT LOWHEALTHY BUT ELEVATEDEVERYONEEVERYONE WEEKS %6 WEEKS Study participants all showed an increase in HDL (or good cholesterol). Those who began the Study with less than ideal HDL cholesterol levels recorded the biggest increase, with an average rise in Freiburg Study Preliminary 220200180160140120100806040 Beforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeks**TRIGLYCERIDESEVERYONETRIGLYCERIDE SHEALTHY BUT ELEVATEDE veryoneControl6 weeks12 two samples for meansElevatedControl6 weeks12 two samples for meansBlood Lipids: TriglyceridesHEALTHY BUT WEEKS An average drop of was recorded in triglyceride levels among the total population of 48 subjects after six weeks.

6 But this drop was notably greater for people with healthy but slightly elevated triglycerides. This group recorded an average decrease in triglycerides of WEEKS The Freiburg Study Preliminary 170160150140130120110100 403530252015105 170160150140130120110100 403530252015105 Beforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeks**LDL CHOLESTEROLEVERYONEVLDL CHOLESTEROLEVERYONELDL CHOLESTEROLHEALTHY BUT ELEVATEDVLDL CHOLESTEROLHEALTHY BUT ELEVATEDE veryoneControl6 weeks12 < < two samples for meansEveryoneControl6 weeks12 < < two samples for meansElevatedControl6 weeks12 < <

7 Two samples for meansElevatedControl6 weeks12 < two samples for meansEVERYONEEVERYONEHEALTHY BUT ELEVATEDHEALTHY BUT ELEVATEDHEALTHY BUT ELEVATEDLDL CHOLESTEROLVLDL CHOLESTEROLLDL CHOLESTEROLVLDL WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS Blood Lipids: LDL CholesterolBlood Lipids: VLDL CholesterolLDL (or bad cholesterol) dropped an average of among the 48 subjects. In the elevated group, there was an average drop of in LDL cholesterol lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol was also measured in the Freiburg Study . VLDL contains the highest level of triglycerides, and high amounts in the blood can be an indicator of poor cardiovascular health.

8 Participants in the Study saw significant reductions in VLDL, especially over Freiburg Study Preliminary Pressure: SystolicBlood Pressure: DiastolicThe 48 participants in the Study recorded an average of a reduction in systolic blood pressure after 6 weeks of continued supplementation. Even more importantly, those who began the Study with normal but slightly elevated blood pressure recorded a participants also saw a significant drop in diastolic blood pressure. The 48 participants saw an average reduction in diastolic blood pressure after just 6 weeks, with an even greater reduction in the same time period for those in the healthy but elevated group.

9 131128125122119116113110 90858075706560 131128125122119116113110 90858075706560 Beforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeksBeforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeks**SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREEVERYONEDIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREEVERYONESYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREHEALTHY BUT ELEVATEDDIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREHEALTHY BUT ELEVATEDE veryoneControl6 weeks12 < < two samples for meansEveryoneControl6 weeks12 < < two samples for meansElevatedControl6 weeks12 < < two samples for meansElevatedControl6 weeks12 < % two samples for meansSYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREDIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURESYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREDIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSUREEVERYONEEVERYONEHEALTHY BUT ELEVATEDHEALTHY BUT WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS WEEKS The Freiburg Study Preliminary Pressure: Nitric Beforesupplementation6 weeks12 weeks**NITRIC OXIDEE veryoneControl6 weeks12 < < two samples for meansNITRIC OXIDE WEEKSN itric oxide is a metabolite responsible for relaxing vessel cells, which has an impact on blood pressure.

10 Among the 48 participants, levels of nitric oxide in the blood more than doubled after 12 weeks of daily WEEKS6 WEEKS1 HOUR BeforesupplementationDay 16 weeks12 weeks**HEART RATE AFTER 1 HOURE veryoneControlDay 16 weeks12 < < < two samples for meansHEART RATE AFTER 1 HOURE nergy Utilization: Heart RateJust one hour after taking the supplements for the first time, an average reduction of heart rate by 5 beats per minute was recorded after the prescribed exercise. After 6 weeks of supplementation, the 48 subjects had an average heart rate of 8 fewer beats per minute. After 12 weeks of supplementation, they could do the same exercise with a pulse of 9 fewer beats per 8 BEATS/MIN 5 BEATS/MIN The Freiburg Study Preliminary HOUR6 WEEKS12 GLUCOSE GLUCOSE GLUCOSE BeforesupplementationDay 16 weeks12 weeks**POST-MEAL BLOOD SUGAR SPIKE IN 1 HOUREVERYONE AFTER TAKING SUPPLEMENTE xerciseControlDay 16 weeks12 < < < two samples for meansPOST-MEAL BLOOD SUGAR SPIKEHbA1c which shows an overall picture of average blood sugar levels over a period of 90 days also showed a significant reduction over the course of the Study .