The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health

1 Visit the National Academies Press online and register access to free PDF downloads of titles from theDistribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Request reprint permission for this bookCopyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights off print titlesCustom notification of new releases in your field of interestSpecial offers and discountsNATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCESNATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF MEDICINENATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCILThis PDF is available from The National Academies Press at pages6 x 9 HARDBACK (2011)The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine; Institute of Medicine Copyright National Academy of Sciences.

2 All rights Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing HealthCommittee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of MedicineCopyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing HealthTHE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

3 The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate study was supported by Contract No. 65815 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataCommittee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine.

4 The Future of nursing : Leading change, Advancing Health / Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-309-15823-7 (hardcover) ISBN 978-0-309-15824-4 (pdf) 1. Nursing Practice United States. 2. Nursing United States. 3. Leadership United States. I. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. II. Institute of Medicine ( ) III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Nursing trends United States. 2. Education, Nursing United States. 3. Health Policy United States.]

5 4. Leadership United States. 5. Nurse's Role United States. WY 16 AA1] 2011 dc22 2010052816 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, , Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights in the United States of AmericaCover credit: Photos reprinted with permission from Tom Semkow; Gregory Benson; Lisa Hollis, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; and Sam serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history.

6 The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health . Washington, DC: The National Academies National Academy of Sciences. All rights Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health Knowing is not enough; we must is not enough; we must do. GoetheAdvising the Nation. Improving National Academy of Sciences. All rights Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing HealthThe National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit , self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare.

7 Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government.

8 The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examina-tion of policy matters pertaining to the Health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education.

9 Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the Na-tional Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities.

10 The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research National Academy of Sciences. All rights Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing HealthCOMMITTEE ON THE ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON FOUNDATION INITIATIVE ON THE Future OF NURSING, AT THE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINEDONNA E. SHALALA (Chair), President, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FLLINDA BURNES BOLTON (Vice Chair), Vice President and Chief Nursing Officer, Cedars-Sinai Health System and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CAMICHAEL R.