The Handbook of Discourse Analysis - University of São Paulo

1 The Handbook ofDiscourse AnalysisEdited byDeborah Schiffrin, Deborah Tannen,and Heidi E. HamiltonCopyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2001 First published 20012 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 Blackwell Publishers Main StreetMalden, Massachusetts 02148 USAB lackwell Publishers Ltd108 Cowley RoadOxford OX4 1 JFUKAll rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposesof criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, storedin a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permissionof the in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the conditionthat it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out.

2 Orotherwise circulated without the publisher s prior consent in any form of bindingor cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar conditionincluding this condition being imposed on the subsequent of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataThe Handbook of Discourse Analysis / edited by Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah Tannen,and Heidi cm. (Blackwell handbooks in linguistics)Includes bibliographical references and 0 631 20595 0 (alk. paper)1. Discourse Analysis Handbooks, manuals, etc.

3 I. Schiffrin, Deborah. II. Tannen, Hamilton, Heidi Ehernberger. IV..H344 2001401 .41 dc212001018139 British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British in Palatinoby Graphicraft Limited, Hong KongPrinted in Great Britain by International, Padstow, CornwallThis book is printed on acid-free Analysis and Linguistics111 Intonation and Discourse : Current Views from Within13 Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen2 Cohesion and Texture35J.

4 R. Martin3 Discourse Markers: Language, Meaning, and Context54 Deborah Schiffrin4 Discourse and Semantics76 Neal R. Norrick5 Discourse and Relevance Theory100 Diane Blakemore6 Discourse and Information Structure119 Gregory Ward and Betty J. Birner7 Historical Discourse Analysis138 Laurel J. Brinton8 Typology and Discourse Analysis161 John Myhill9 Register Variation: A Corpus Approach175 Douglas Biber and Susan ConradII The Linking of Theory and Practice in Discourse Analysis19710 Nine Ways of Looking at Apologies: The Necessity forInterdisciplinary Theory and Method in Discourse Analysis199 Robin Tolmach Lakoff11 Interactional Sociolinguistics: A Personal Perspective215 John J.

5 Gumperz12 Discourse as an Interactional Achievement III:The Omnirelevance of Action229 Emanuel A. Schegloff13 Discourse and Interaction250 Monica Heller14 The Linguistic Structure of Discourse265 Livia Polanyi15 The Variationist Approach toward Discourse Structural Effects andSocio-interactional Dynamics282 Sylvie Dubois and David Sankoff16 Computer-assisted Text and Corpus Analysis : Lexical Cohesion andCommunicative Competence304 Michael Stubbs17 The Transcription of Discourse321 Jane A.

6 EdwardsIII Discourse : Language, Context, and Interaction349A Political, Social, and Institutional Domains35118 Critical Discourse Analysis352 Teun A. van Dijk19 Discourse and Racism372 Ruth Wodak and Martin Reisigl20 Political Discourse398 John Wilson21 Discourse and Media416 Colleen Cotter22 Discourse Analysis in the Legal Context437 Roger W. Shuy23 The Discourse of Medical Encounters453 Nancy Ainsworth-Vaughn24 Language and Medicine470 Suzanne Fleischman25 Discourse in Educational Settings503 Carolyn Temple Adger26 Narrative in Institutions518 Charlotte LindeviiiContentsBCulture, Community, and Genre53727 Discourse and Intercultural Communication538 Ron Scollon and Suzanne Wong Scollon28 Discourse and Gender548 Shari Kendall and Deborah Tannen29 Discourse and Aging568 Heidi E.

7 Hamilton30 Child Discourse590 Jenny Cook-Gumperz and Amy Kyratzis31 Computer-mediated Discourse612 Susan C. Herring32 Discourse Analysis and Narrative635 Barbara Johnstone33 Discourse and Conflict650 Christina Kakav IV Discourse across Disciplines67134 The Analysis of Discourse Flow673 Wallace Chafe35 The Discursive Turn in Social Psychology688 Rom Harr 36 Discourse Analysis and Language Teaching707 Elite Olshtain and Marianne Celce-Murcia37 Discourse Analysis in Communication725 Karen Tracy38 Discourse and Sociology.

8 Sociology and Discourse750 Allen Grimshaw39 Imagination in Discourse772 Herbert H. Clark and Mija M. Van Der Wege40 literary Pragmatics787 Jacob L. Mey41 Computational Perspectives on Discourse and Dialog798 Bonnie Lynn WebberIndex817 ContentsixCritical Discourse Analysis351A Political, Social, andInstitutional Domains352 Teun A. van Dijk18 Critical Discourse AnalysisTEUN A. VAN DIJK0 Introduction: What Is Critical Discourse Analysis ?Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a type of Discourse analytical research that prim-arily studies the way social power abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted,reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and political context.

9 Withsuch dissident research, critical Discourse analysts take explicit position, and thuswant to understand, expose, and ultimately resist social of the tenets of CDA can already be found in the critical theory of theFrankfurt School before the Second World War (Agger 1992b; Rasmussen 1996). Itscurrent focus on language and Discourse was initiated with the critical linguistics that emerged (mostly in the UK and Australia) at the end of the 1970s (Fowler et ; see also Mey 1985).

10 CDA has also counterparts in critical developments insociolinguistics, psychology, and the social sciences, some already dating back to theearly 1970s (Birnbaum 1971; Calhoun 1995; Fay 1987; Fox and Prilleltensky 1997;Hymes 1972; Ib ez and I iguez 1997; Singh 1996; Thomas 1993; Turkel 1996; Wodak1996). As is the case in these neighboring disciplines, CDA may be seen as a reactionagainst the dominant formal (often asocial or uncritical ) paradigms of the 1960sand is not so much a direction, school, or specialization next to the many other approaches in Discourse studies.