Transcription of The Human Body
1 Sneak Preview The Human body Essentials of anatomy and Physiology Black and white edition By Bruce Wingerd Included in this preview: Copyrights Preface A Note to Students Table of Contents Chapter 1. For additional information on adopting this book for your class, please contact us at x71 or via e-mail at THE Human body . Essentials of anatomy & Physiology Second Color Edition Bruce Wingerd Bruce Wingerd is Associate Dean of Biology at Broward Community College in Florida and previously taught at San Diego State University for 25 years. He has taught Human anatomy , advanced Human anatomy , medical terminology, and anatomy and physiology. Between his numerous writing projects, he has run workshops on teaching anatomy and physiology for the benefit of local high school and junior high school teachers. Copyright 2008 by Bruce Wingerd All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or using any other information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
2 First published in the United States of America in 2007 by University Readers 12 11 10 09 08 12345. Printed in the United States of America The Human body : Essentials of anatomy and Physiology is a revised and condensed version of The Human body : Concepts of anatomy and Physiology, first published by Brooks/Cole in 1994. Illustration program provided courtesy of Thomson Learning and Jennifer Riggin. ISBN: 978-1-934269-11-4 (paper). A study guide along with full-color versions of all illustrations are available to students enrolled in a class using this textbook. Go to PREFACE. - - gling through the mountains of terminology in anatomy and mation and technologies. - dents learn the essential information by using the process of concept building. If a student is able to form a mental image THE APPROACH AND. of a technical term's meaning or a process, learning becomes easier and lasts longer due to the mental connections that MAIN THEME. or literal description, the student is encouraged to visualize Human anatomy and physiology is a challenging topic for introductory-level learners, and mastering the material re- course, some memorizing is unavoidable, but providing stu- quires an investment of time and effort.
3 The second edition of The Human body meets this challenge by providing an ap- proach that encourages learning. The approach includes three the aid of concept-building tools, and using the process of of learning, the result can lead to personal and professional Integrating Structure and Function The Human body : Concepts of anatomy and Physiology book's main approach is to establish a comfortable balance of to make the book an even better tool for learning. Many sug- structure and function for the beginning student. At the out- - tion of a particular system. The more detailed information ideas have arisen from the changes that have occurred in sci- terms needed to fully understand and communicate function are provided. Then function is described, using the building- an improved learning tool for students. It remains my hope discussion, the functional importance of a structure is em- phasized. Learning with Concept-Building Tools The book's approach is also based on the notion that learn- NEW TO THE SECOND.
4 Complete if a conceptual foundation is provided. Numerous EDITION concept-building tools are employed to establish this founda- tion. Each tool enables a student to establish a mental image - in the original text, in addition to recognizing opportunities The conceptual foundation is reinforced by logical explana- general, this second edition is a more balanced text that in- more reader-friendly style. The level of information has been information, and many high-quality illustrations that corre- spond directly to the text material. terms added and others deleted. Explanations of many physi- ii Preface The Theme of Homeostasis Chapter 8: Organization of the The main theme of the text is the body 's remarkable ability to Nervous System PDLQWDLQ KRPHRVWDVLV +RZ WKH ERG\ DFKLHYHV KRPHRVWDVLV The nervous system is an extremely complex body system. despite changing conditions, the body components involved &RQVHTXHQWO\ LW LV RIWHQ RQH RI WKH PRVW GLI FXOW V\VWHPV WR.
5 In its maintenance, and the consequences of the body 's fail- teach and learn. To make this task more reasonable, the chap- XUH WR PDLQWDLQ LW HIIHFWLYHO\ DUH WRSLFV WKDW DUH LQWHUZRYHQ WHU ZDV UHZULWWHQ WR LPSURYH XSRQ LWV FODULW\ RI SUHVHQWDWLRQ . throughout. In many chapters, the role of body tissues, or- ORJLFDO RZ RI LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG DSSURSULDWH OHYHO RI LQIRUPD- gans, and systems in maintaining and supporting homeostasis tion for beginning students. LV GLVFXVVHG DORQJ ZLWK WKHLU RWKHU IXQFWLRQV 7R HPSKDVL]H . the importance of homeostasis in the daily maintenance of health, this vital body function is also presented as a separate Chapter 13: The Cardiovascular System topic at the end of most chapters. This feature serves to con- The cardiovascular system has been studied intensively for QHFW KRPHRVWDVLV ZLWK WKH PDLQ IXQFWLRQV RI WKH ERG\ V\VWHP GHFDGHV UHVXOWLQJ LQ DQ H[SORVLRQ RI QHZ LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ QRU- discussed in the chapter. mal structure and function, and also on pathology and medi- cal treatment of cardiovascular disease.
6 In an effort to bring WKLV QHZ LQIRUPDWLRQ WR OLJKW WKH FKDSWHU KDV EHHQ UHZULWWHQ . IMPROVED COVERAGE. Every chapter in the second edition of The Human body : Es- CONCEPT-BUILDING TOOLS. sentials of anatomy and Physiology includes improvements WR ERWK WKH WH[W DQG WKH DUW SURJUDP IROORZLQJ WKH VXJJHV- $V LQ WKH UVW HGLWLRQ QXPHURXV FRQFHSW EXLOGLQJ WRROV DUH . tions of colleagues and students, and in response to changing incorporated into the text to assist student learning. WHFKQRORJLHV )LYH FKDSWHUV ZHUH PRUH VXEVWDQWLDOO\ UHYLVHG . than others. Chapter Openers (DFK FKDSWHU RSHQV ZLWK D FKDSWHU RXWOLQH DQG OLVW RI OHDUQ- Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis LQJ REMHFWLYHV DQG LV IROORZHG E\ D FKDSWHU LQWURGXFWLRQ 7KH . introductory paragraphs summarize and integrate the main of the body SRLQWV ZLWKLQ WKH FKDSWHU 7 KLV HDUO\ RYHUYLHZ PDWHULDO EHQ- &KHPLVWU\ LV D FRPPRQ VWXPEOLQJ JURXQG IRU EHJLQQLQJ VWX- H WV VWXGHQWV E\ SUHVHQWLQJ D ELJ SLFWXUH RI WKH FKDSWHUV.]
7 Dents, but it doesn't need to be if it is presented clearly. To JLYLQJ WKHP D YLVLRQ RI ZKDW LV WR FRPH . make the introduction of chemistry more accessible for stu- GHQWV WKLV FKDSWHU ZDV UHZULWWHQ ZLWK DQ HPSKDVLV RQ FODULW\ . DQG UHDO ZRUOG H[DPSOHV RI FKHPLFDO SULQFLSOHV Concepts and Concepts Checks $W HDFK PDMRU KHDGLQJ ZLWKLQ D FKDSWHU RQH RU PRUH EULHI . concept statements are provided. The concept statement iden- Chapter 3: Cells: The Basis of Life WL HV WKH NH\ LGHD WR EH GLVFXVVHG WHOOLQJ WKH VWXGHQW WKH HV- 7KH HOG RI FHOO ELRORJ\ KDV H[SHULHQFHG PDQ\ FKDQJHV LQ sential information that should be learned. For each chapter the past decade, mainly due to an increased understanding there is a list of questions called Concepts Check. The ques- WKDW KDV DULVHQ IURP UHVHDUFK 7 KLV FKDSWHU ZDV UHZULWWHQ WR tions are designed to engage the student in thinking about the UH HFW WKHVH FKDQJHV )RU H[DPSOH QHZ LQIRUPDWLRQ KDV EHHQ key points in the section in order to extend a helping hand LQFOXGHG WR UH HFW EUHDNWKURXJKV LQ KXPDQ JHQHWLFV DQG FHOO in learning.]]]
8 The questions are located in the free online stu- membrane function. GHQW UHVRXUFHV DW KWWS ZZZ XQLYHUVLW\UHDGHUV FRP SXEOLVK . ZLQJHUG VWXGHQWV . Chapter 4: Tissues $OWKRXJK KLVWRORJ\ LV DQ ROGHU ZHOO HVWDEOLVKHG HOG WKH DG- Tables and Figures YHQW RI QHZ PLFURVFRSLF DQG WLVVXH SUHSDUDWLRQ WHFKQRORJLHV Tables concisely organize and summarize large blocks of in- KDV SURYLGHG QHZ LQIRUPDWLRQ 7KH LPSURYHG XQGHUVWDQG- IRUPDWLRQ DQG WKH\ VHUYH DV D XVHIXO UHYLHZ WRRO $Q DEXQ- ing of tissues and their functional relationship to structure is GDQW QXPEHU RI JXUHV LV SURYLGHG (DFK JXUH OHJHQG LV DF- LQFOXGHG LQ WKLV UHZULWWHQ FKDSWHU $OVR WKH KLVWRORJLFDO PL- companied by a question that challenges the student to take FURJUDSKV KDYH EHHQ UHSODFHG ZLWK QHZ FOHDUHU LPDJHV DQG DQ DFWLYH SDUW LQ WKH OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV $QVZHUV WR WKH JXUH . illustrations. legend questions are provided in the free online student re- sources. Preface iii Health Clinic and Sports Clinic 6 HOHFWHG WRSLFV LQ ELRORJLFDO UHVHDUFK DQG PHGLFLQH DUH SUR- vided in special boxes called Health Clinic in every chapter.)
9 7 KHVH WRSLFV KDYH EHHQ UHZULWWHQ ZLWK XSGDWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ . in the second edition. In each case, they are based on recent information from research publications, such as The New England Journal of Medicine, 6 FLHQWL F $PHULFDQ, Nature, and Science. Also, selected topics that relate text material to sports activities are provided in special boxes called Sports Clinic. This information has also been updated. The careful selection and placement of Health Clinic and Sports Clinic topics in the text serve to reinforce the concepts, and also may spark further interest in the learning material. Additional Clinics are located in the free online student resources. Pronunciation Guides and Word Part Origins /HDUQLQJ QHZ WHUPLQRORJ\ FDQ EH GLI FXOW DQG LW KHOSV LI . VWXGHQWV DUH VKRZQ KRZ WR SURQRXQFH QHZ WHUPV FRUUHFWO\ . ,Q WKH WH[W SURQXQFLDWLRQ JXLGHV IROORZ PDQ\ QHZ WHUPV LQ . parentheses. The learning process is also strengthened if stu- dents are informed of the actual meaning of terms, based on /DWLQ DQG *UHHN ZRUG SDUWV 7 KHVH ZRUG SDUW RULJLQV DUH DOVR.]
10 ZLWKLQ WKH WH[W ZKHUH DSSURSULDWH . Chapter Review Questions &KDSWHU 5 HYLHZ 4 XHVWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ REMHFWLYH TXHVWLRQV DQG . FULWLFDO WKLQNLQJ TXHVWLRQV ZLWK WKHLU DQVZHUV DUH SURYLGHG . in the online student resource guide. Additionally, the online JXLGH FRQWDLQV DQVZHUV WR WKH TXHVWLRQV SRVHG LQ WKH WH[W ZLWK . WKH &RQFHSW &KHFN ER[HV DQG WKH JXUHV FDSWLRQV . Glossary A Glossary is provided in the online student resources. It con- tains all of the terms emphasized in boldface and italic type in the text. iv Preface Note to the Student v A NOTE TO THE STUDENT. A NOTE TO THE STUDENT. The Human body : Essentials of anatomy and Physiology, Second Edition, contains a number of features that are de- same body organ or to the same condition often share the from these features you must be able to recognize them and card = heart + itis =. card = heart + ology the material. derma = skin + itis - - epi = outer + dermis sources for students at: that usually appears in the text after the term in parentheses.]]]
