The Modern Zoo - EAZA

1 IiThe Modern Zoo: Foundations for Management and development1 Basic Zoo Managementii1iiEAZA Executive OfficeAmsterdam, the NetherlandsSEPTEMBER 2013 The Modern Zoo: Foundations for Management and development3 Basic Zoo ManagementCOLOPHONP ublication: EAZA Executive Office June 2008 Second edition September 2013 Text & Design: First edition: Snijder, University of Applied Sciences, Van Hall LarensteinSecond edition: EAZA Technical Assistance CommitteePhotos: EAZA Executive OfficeSpecial thanks: M. Challis, Belfast Zoological Gardens, Northern Ireland M. Hoedemaker, Amersfoort Zoo, the NetherlandsB. Kjellson, Boras Djurpark AB, Lesueur, Attica Zoological Park, GreeceN. Lindsay, Zoological Society of London, United Kingdom D. Maljkovic, Zagreb Zoo, Croatia V. Molnar, Budapest Fovaros Allat-Es Novenykertje, HungaryM.

2 Pilgrim, North of England Zoological Society, United KingdomR. Ratajszczak, Wroclaw Zoo, PolandE. Sos, Budapest Fovaros Allat-Es Novenykertje, HungaryA. Stadler, Zoo Wuppertal, GermanyW. Stanislawski, Lodz Zoo, PolandJ. Szantho, Artis Zoo, the NetherlandsR. Veprik, Szeged Zoo, HungaryW. Verberkmoes, GaiaZOO, the Netherlands P. Vercammen, Arabia s Wildlife Centre, United Arab EmiratesContactEAZA Executive OfficeC/o Amsterdam Zoo, PO Box 20164, 1000 HD Amsterdam, The NetherlandsPhone: 0031 20 520 07 50 Fax: 0031 20 520 07 52E-mail: EAZA s Committeesl EEP Committeel Membership & Ethics Committeel Aquarium Committeel Legislation Committeel Education & Exhibit Design Committeel Research Committeel Conservation Committeel Technical Assistance Committeel Veterinary Committee34 The Animal Department .. Animal welfare .. Enclosure (re)design .. Environmental enrichment.

3 Transport .. 625 Visitors & Customer Services .. Visitors .. Facilities .. Zoo shop & catering .. Marketing .. 716 Conservation, Education & Research .. Conservation .. Ex situ conservation .. In situ conservation .. Education .. Research .. Green practice .. 87 Further reading .. 89 Glossary of terms .. 91 Index .. 95 TABLE OF CONTENT About the Manual .. 4 Why this manual .. 4 The TA Mentor .. 4 How to use this manual .. 5 About EAZA .. 61 Zoos in the 21st Century .. 8 History of zoos & the role of Modern zoos .. 92 Zoo Management .. Zoo management .. Mission statements .. Budgeting .. Masterplanning .. Animal record keeping .. Collection planning .. Maintenance.

4 Staff management .. Zoo keeping .. Policies .. 303 Health & Safety .. Health & safety .. Barriers .. Emergencies .. Warning signs .. Risk assessment .. Risk prevention .. 4245 Basic Zoo ManagementKEEPERS CLEANING THE ORYX EXHIBIT IN LISBON ZOO, PORTUGALT raining keepers in the zoo is vital for the welfare oF the animals. Keepers need to know how to do their job and should be aware of all safety and hygiene regulations. 45 How to use this manualThere are a lot of aspects to keep in mind when running a zoo. These could never be published in one single document as each of these aspects is extremely varied and complex. In this manual, a selection of the most important basics of zoo practice is described. The manual gives Candidates for Membership an idea of what running a zoo or aquaria to EAZA standards involves.

5 It is important to remember that what is covered in this manual cannot be achieved all at once. Most EAZA Full Members have taken many years to accomplish the standards laid out in this document. Consequently it is hoped that CfMs are inspired to work towards achieving these standards with the understanding that it may take a number of years. The TA Mentor will work with you to explain which aspects have first priority and which are to be dealt with later. Do not be discouraged if progress seems slow or setbacks occur. The main thing your TA mentor wants to see is that you understand the concepts in this manual and are working towards achieving the EAZA minimum manual does not include full information on all aspects of running a zoo: it will only give you an idea of how a Modern zoo is run. Please note that this manual is not intended as a full guidance towards EAZA membership.

6 Each chapter in this manual will begin with a general introduction to the topic. In some of the chapters, a section where to start will help you get started more easily. Textboxes are used to give practical examples and ideas (box 1), and illustrations and pictures provide examples or clarify the glossary is included to explain several words used in this manual. The index provides you with a means to quickly lookup certain THE MANUAL Why this manual Your institution (zoo or aquarium) is in the process of joining the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). This Manual has been developed by the Technical Assistance (TA) Committee to assist during the Candidate for Membership (CfM) period. Institutions need to meet several criteria to comply with the standards for EAZA membership. Documents produced by EAZA are used as guidelines to explain how an EAZA member institution is expected to operate.

7 The TA Committee and your TA Mentor are committed to guiding you through this period of aim of this manual is to give the zoo director and zoo management a reference on the basics of zoo operations and the role of zoos. The manual also provides you with additional guidance etc. for your zoos development, and combines the knowledge of several zoo experts that have been supporting zoos for over 15 TA MentorThe main role of the TA Mentor is to guide you in the development of your institution and to report on that development to EAZA. He/she will provide you with knowledge and technical advice on any topic and will have frequent contact through email, telephone and visits. The Mentor will visit your institution at least once a year to assess the situation, discuss possible problems and provide advice. The Mentor that has been appointed to your zoo is a senior member of staff of an EAZA member institution.

8 The Mentor will guide you in your development, meet with relevant (Municipal) officials and act as an advisor on national zoo legislation and general zoo related topics. The Mentor may perform training sessions with zoo staff and provide information upon request. The Mentor will also help you get in contact with experts or colleagues, for example at the EAZA conference. In this manual, boxes are used to give small examples or practical ideas on the subject. BOX 1 Introduction67 Basic Zoo ManagementABOUT EAZA The European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) has over 340 member institutions in over 40 countries. EAZA members cooperate in animal breeding programmes and conservation, and all members should aim for the highest standards in zoo operations and fulfilling the roles of Modern zoos in the 21st century: Conservation Education ResearchEAZA forms a large zoo community and consists of several committees and working groups (see box 2).

9 These committees and working groups deal with all issues within the community. More information about EAZA s committees can be found on the EAZA website: (EAZA Home > About EAZA > Organisational structure). More information about EAZA s working groups can be found on the EAZA website (EAZA Home > EAZA Activities).If you want to know more about the committees or who to contact, please speak to your TA mentor. EAZA has two different types of breeding programmes, the EEP s & ESB s (see Chapter ). Through these breeding programmes the EAZA community aims to maintain a viable population for each species kept in EAZA institutions. For each animal group within EAZA, there is a Taxon Advisory Group (TAG). A TAG consists of a group of professionals, mostly employed by EAZA member institutions, with specialist knowledge and interest in the specific animal group for which the TAG is responsible.

10 TAGs are consulted whenever there is an issue on a particular animal species or group. TAGs are also responsible for the development of regional collection plans (see chapter ) and husbandry guidelines (see chapter ).EAZA S COMMITTEES: EEP Committee Membership & Ethics Committee Aquarium Committee Legislation Committee Education & Exhibit Design Committee Research Committee Conservation Committee TA Committee Veterinary CommitteeEAZA S WORKING GROUPS: Campaign Working Groups Nutrition Working Group Population Management Advisory Group (EPMAG) Transport Working Group Zoo Horticulture Group Reintroduction and Translocation Group Animal Training Group EAZA Group on Zoo Animal ContraceptivesEAZA Standards & Policies: EAZA Minimum Standards for the Accommodation and Care of Animals in Zoos and Aquaria. EAZA Code of Practice. EAZA Code of Ethics.