The Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale: Validation ...

1 This article was downloaded by: [Universit du Qu bec Montr al]On: 05 February 2014, At: 06:26 Publisher: RoutledgeInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House,37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UKEuropean Journal of Work and OrganizationalPsychologyPublication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale: Validation evidence in seven languages and ninecountriesMaryl ne Gagn a, Jacques Forestb, Maarten Vansteenkistec, Laurence Crevier-Braudd,Anja Van den Broecke, Ann Kristin Aspelif, Jenny Belleroseg, Charles Benaboub, EmanuelaChemollia, Stefan Tomas G nterth, Hallgeir Halvarif, Devani Laksmi Indiyastutii, Peter , Marianne Hauan Molstadf, Mathias Naudink, Assane Ndaol, Anja Hagen Olafsenf,Patrice Rousselm, Zheni Wanga & Cathrine Westbyefa School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australiab Department of Organization and Human Resource Management, UQAM School ofManagement Sciences.

2 Universit du Qu bec Montr al, Montr al, Canadac Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, University of Gent,Gent, Belgiumd Department of Psychology, Universit du Qu bec Montr al, Montr al, Canadae Department of Economy and Management, Hogeschool Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, andKU Leuven, Leuven, Belgiumf Faculty of Economics and Social Science, H gskolen i Buskerud og Vestfold, Kongsberg,Norwayg Department of Psychology, Universit de Montr al, Montr al, Canadah Psychology of Work in Organization and Society Research Group, Swiss Federal Institute ofTechnology, Zurich, Switzerlandi Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesiaj Institute of Work Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdomk International Institute of Commerce and Development, Universit Panth on Assas ParisII, Paris, Francel Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Universit Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakkar,S n galm Department of Management and Human Resources, Universit Toulouse 1, Toulouse,FrancePublished online: 05 Feb cite this article.

3 Maryl ne Gagn , Jacques Forest, Maarten Vansteenkiste, Laurence Crevier-Braud, Anja Van denBroeck, Ann Kristin Aspeli, Jenny Bellerose, Charles Benabou, Emanuela Chemolli, Stefan Tomas G ntert, Hallgeir Halvari,Devani Laksmi Indiyastuti, Peter A. Johnson, Marianne Hauan Molstad, Mathias Naudin, Assane Ndao, Anja Hagen Olafsen,Patrice Roussel, Zheni Wang & Cathrine Westbye , European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology (2014): TheMultidimensional Work Motivation Scale: Validation evidence in seven languages and nine countries, European Journal ofWork and Organizational PsychologyTo link to this article: SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLET aylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the Content ) containedin the publications on our platform.

4 However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make norepresentations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of theContent. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, andare not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon andshould be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable forany losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoeveror howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use ofthe article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes.

5 Any substantial or systematicreproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in anyform to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at by [Universit du Qu bec Montr al] at 06:26 05 February 2014 The Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale: Validation evidence inseven languages and nine countriesMaryl ne Gagn 1, Jacques Forest2, Maarten Vansteenkiste3, Laurence Crevier-Braud4, AnjaVan den Broeck5, Ann Kristin Aspeli6, Jenny Bellerose7, Charles Benabou2, EmanuelaChemolli1, Stefan Tomas G ntert8, Hallgeir Halvari6, Devani Laksmi Indiyastuti9, Peter , Marianne Hauan Molstad6, Mathias Naudin11, Assane Ndao12, Anja HagenOlafsen6, Patrice Roussel13, Zheni Wang1, and Cathrine Westbye61 School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia2 Department of Organization and Human Resource Management, UQAM School of Management Sciences.

6 Universit du Qu bec Montr al, Montr al, Canada3 Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium4 Department of Psychology, Universit du Qu bec Montr al, Montr al, Canada5 Department of Economy and Management, Hogeschool Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, and KU Leuven, Leuven,Belgium6 Faculty of Economics and Social Science, H gskolen i Buskerud og Vestfold, Kongsberg, Norway7 Department of Psychology, Universit de Montr al, Montr al, Canada8 Psychology of Work in Organization and Society Research Group, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich,Switzerland9 Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia10 Institute of Work Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom11 International Institute of Commerce and Development, Universit Panth on Assas Paris II, Paris, France12 Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Universit Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakkar, S n gal13 Department of Management and Human Resources, Universit Toulouse 1, Toulouse, FranceSelf-determination theory proposes a Multidimensional conceptualization of Motivation comprising autonomous and controlledforms.

7 Whereas autonomous Motivation relates positively to individuals optimal functioning ( , well-being, performance),controlled Motivation is less beneficial. To be able to use self-determination theory in thefield of organizational behaviour, theMultidimensional Work Motivation Scale was developed and tested using data from 3435 workers in seven languages and ninecountries. Factorial analyses indicated that the 19-item scale has the same factor structure across the seven and discriminant validity tests across the countries also indicate that the psychological needs for autonomy,competence, and relatedness as well as the theoretically derived antecedents to work Motivation ( , leadership and jobdesign) are predictably related to the different forms of Motivation , which in turn are predictably related to important workoutcomes ( , well-being, commitment, performance, and turnover intentions).

8 Implications for the development of organiza-tional research based on self-determination theory are :Cross-cultural; Work Motivation ; Self-determination theory; Validation ; Intrinsic Motivation ; Extrinsic Motivation ;Autonomous Motivation ; Controlled should be addressed to Maryl ne Gagn , School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley6009, WA, Australia. authors are listed in order of contribution, the other authors are listed in alphabetical of this article was facilitated through several grants to the different authors: Fonds Qu b cois de la Recherche sur la Soci t et laCulture to thefirst and second authors, a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to thefirst and second authors,and a grant from the Association Nationale Recherche Technologie (France) to Mathias Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2014 2014 Taylor & FrancisDownloaded by [Universit du Qu bec Montr al] at 06.

9 26 05 February 2014 In a time of globalization, contemporary theories oforganizational behaviour need to be applicable acrosscultural, economic, and labour conditions. Research con-sequently needs to focus on the cross-cultural validationof Motivation theories (Steers, Mowday, & Shapiro,2004). One theory that is receiving increasing cross-cultural support in various life domains is self-determi-nation theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan,1985a). SDT offers amultidimensional conceptualization of Motivation ,allowing for the assessment of both the level and qualityof Motivation . The present research focused on validat-ing a new measure that captures Motivation using SDT inthe work context, in an attempt to overcome recurrentvalidity and psychometric problems of previous mea-sures.

10 We validated the newly proposed scale acrossdifferent cultures to test its psychometric properties inseveral languages. Specifically, the nine countries ( ,Canada, Belgium, France, Senegal, United Kingdom,Norway, Switzerland, China, and Indonesia) in whichdata were collected varied in terms of cultural back-ground, economic situation, political regime, and labourconditions, but the samples also varied in terms ofindustry, organizational structure, and jobs. Though wedid not assess prevailing cultural values, Hofstede s(2001) studies point out that the participating samplesvary in terms of collectivism and power distance, thoughsome of these values are changing in the younger gen-erations ( , Wang & Gagn ,2013).