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The “O-Wing” Experiment - ABC

Lesson 6 The O- wing Experiment Page 1 Ruben Meerman 2004 The O- wing Experiment Brief description This lesson focuses on the scientific method and can be incorporated into a unit on flight or as a stand alone activity. Students learn that a controlled Experiment is a repetitive process in which one variable is incrementally changed while all others are kept constant. Students build and test several O- wing gliders to investigate the effect of wing size on flight performance. Next, they design their own Experiment to investigate the effect of fuselage (straw) length on the O- wing s performance. As a fun closing activity, students can construct multi-winged O- wing gliders to compete in The Most Bizarre O- wing Challenge.

Lesson 6 – The “O-Wing” Experiment Page 3 abc.net.au/science © Ruben Meerman 2004 Procedure Selecting a suitable location for test flights A school hall is the ...

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Transcription of The “O-Wing” Experiment - ABC

1 Lesson 6 The O- wing Experiment Page 1 Ruben Meerman 2004 The O- wing Experiment Brief description This lesson focuses on the scientific method and can be incorporated into a unit on flight or as a stand alone activity. Students learn that a controlled Experiment is a repetitive process in which one variable is incrementally changed while all others are kept constant. Students build and test several O- wing gliders to investigate the effect of wing size on flight performance. Next, they design their own Experiment to investigate the effect of fuselage (straw) length on the O- wing s performance. As a fun closing activity, students can construct multi-winged O- wing gliders to compete in The Most Bizarre O- wing Challenge.

2 Duration: 60 80 minutes Year Level: Lower to upper primary Location: School hall, outdoors or classroom (depending on weather and availability) Topics: Scientific method, experimenting, controlling variables, measurement, qualitative and quantitative results, flight Preparation: 10 minutes Extensions: SCIENCE / SOSE Research the history of flight ART/SCIENCE Construct the most, weird, bizarre or beautiful flying O- wing Overview Whole class Teacher demonstration (5 10 min) Discuss procedure and safety instructions Designate group work jobs Small groups Experiment 1 Experimenting with wing size (30 45 min) Experiment 2 Experimenting with fuselage length Whole class Discussion (5 10 min) Individual Weirdest O- wing Challenge (Optional) (10 15 min) Whole class Discuss activities (15 20 min) Materials and equipment Each group will need.

3 10 plastic drinking straws ruler 1 stiff card (eg manilla folder) pencils 1 roll clear sticky tape scissors Lesson 6 The O- wing Experiment Page 2 Ruben Meerman 2004 Preparation Materials for teacher to collect: y Sufficient quantities of straws and stiff card y Download and photocopy 30 student worksheets Objectives The objectives below are a guide only. You should check the outcomes statement for the year level of your class before deciding which of the following objectives are appropriate. Students prior knowledge Students are familiar with their group work job responsibilities. No prior knowledge of scientific concepts is assumed for this lesson.

4 Science skills Experiment 1: Effect of wing size on O- wing performance Students will: y follow the instructions accurately y identify the variables affecting the flight of an O- wing y control as many variables as possible for each test flight of their O- wing gliders y measure and record the length of each test flight y record their qualitative observations of each test flight y draw conclusions about the effect of wing size on the O- wing s performance y make suggestions for how their Experiment could be improved to yield more accurate results Experiment 2: Effect of fuselage (straw) length on O- wing performance Students will: y design an Experiment to test for the effect of different fuselage (straw) lengths on the O- wing s performance y perform their Experiment y measure and record their results y draw conclusions about the effect of wing size on the O- wing s performance y make suggestions for how their Experiment could be improved to yield more accurate results Positive attitudes Students will.

5 Y work cooperatively in small groups y ensure each member has an opportunity to see and understand the activities y handle equipment and materials carefully and responsibly y use materials sparingly and dispose of waste responsibly Lesson 6 The O- wing Experiment Page 3 Ruben Meerman 2004 Procedure Selecting a suitable location for test flights A school hall is the best location for the test flights if available. The test flights can also be performed outdoors on a clear, still day. If neither of these options are available, the classroom can be cleared for the test flights, however it may be more appropriate to conduct the test flights in a whole class activity to reduce traffic and provide a clear flight path for each test.

6 Introduction (Whole class / 5 10 min) y Demonstrate the construction of an O- wing and ask the class if they expect this strange contraption will actually fly (most people are quite surprised to see an O- wing glide), then demonstrate its flight y Discuss the first O- wing Experiment to be conducted and logistics of test flying (see teacher notes) y Ask students to identify, and discuss all the variables that might affect each test flight and how these might be controlled these include, but are not limited to: force of throw (or initial velocity) height of release angle to the ground at release (eg throwing horizontal or up toward the sky) angle of the wings to the ground (eg wings above straw, or wings below straw) wind y Distribute and discuss worksheets (if averaging has not yet been covered, discuss how the average of the tests will be calculated) y Allocate group work jobs and badges (if using group work model) y Prepare the room for experiments and test flights Experiment 1.

7 Effect of wing Size (Small groups / 15 20 min) y All group members read the instructions and cooperate to prepare a work station y All group members contribute to the successful completion of the Experiment y WHOLE CLASS DISCUSSION briefly discuss the results of the first Experiment Experiment 2: Effect of Fuselage Length (15 20 min) y All group members contribute the Experiment design and discuss and appropriate procedure y All group members cooperate to complete the Experiment Conclusion (Whole class / 10 15 min) y Discuss the results of the two experiments y Demonstrate the effect of adding ballast (weight) to the front of the O- wing glider (see teacher notes)

8 Y Set the construction challenge for the weirdest / most beautiful / most intricate O- wing Glider Lesson 6 The O- wing Experiment Page 4 Ruben Meerman 2004 Teacher notes Experimental results In this lesson, the experimental results are not as important as the process and conclusions drawn by students. Large variations in the results for both of these experiments is to be expected between groups. This is because even with students best efforts, controlling the variables is quite difficult. Experiment 1: Effect of wing size on O- wing performance Students are most likely to conclude that there is an optimum size for the smaller wing , which lies somewhere between having equal sized wings and a smaller wing size of 10 cm.

9 Students should discover that the glider with equal size wings does not glide, but falls with the trajectory of a leaf or feather (read about adding ballast below). The smallest wing will most likely result in shorter flights. Remember that students should arrive at whatever conclusion their results point to, so if there is disagreement among groups, it is worth discussing how this might have come about, rather than forcing agreement. Experiment 2: Effect of fuselage length on O- wing performance Students are most likely to conclude that a longer fuselage results in better performance, up to a straw length of approximately 3 or 4 straws. However, this too may vary between groups and a discussion of why results may vary would be more fruitful than deciding who made mistakes (if any).

10 Add ballast for another surprising result At the end of the lesson, you can again surprise your class by demonstrating the effect of adding a paperclip as ballast to the front of an O- wing glider. Start with an glider which has equal sized wings and ask the class to recall their earlier result. Show them how a paper clip can be added to front of this O- wing . This O- wing will now fly just as well as an O- wing with unequally sized wings. Lesson 6 The O- wing Experiment Page 5 Ruben Meerman 2004 Weird and wonderful O-Wings Adding ballast to the front of any O- wing glider that is not performing well can significantly improve its flight. Armed with this new knowledge, you can now challenge students to build the most weird and wonderful O-Wings possible, either as a homework task, or extension activity on this lesson.


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