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The Perfect Tenses I. ACTIVE VOICE - The Latin Library

The Perfect Tenses The Tenses of the Perfect system ( Perfect , pluperfect & future Perfect ) are all formed off the Perfect stem, obtained from the third principal part of the verb. Note the regular principal parts for 1st and 2d conjugation verbs: voc , - re, - v , - tum and d be , - re, -u , -itum. I. ACTIVE VOICE Add to the Perfect stem the following endings: Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect - -imus -eram -er mus -er -erimus -ist -istis -er s -er tis -eris -eritis -it - runt -erat -erant -erit -erint voc v voc vimus voc veram voc ver mus voc ver voc verimus voc vist voc vistis voc ver s voc ver tis voc veris voc veritis voc vit voc v runt voc verat voc verant voc verit voc verint debu debuimus debueram debuer mus debuer debuerimus debuist debuistis debuer s debuer tis debueris debueritis debuit debu runt debuerat debuerant debuerit debuerint The Perfect system for the passive VOICE ( Perfect , pluperfect and future Perfect ) is formed by adding a form of esse to the Perfect passive participle (the 4th principal part).

The Perfect Tenses The tenses of the perfect system (perfect, pluperfect & future perfect) are all formed off the perfect stem, obtained from the third principal part of the verb.

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Transcription of The Perfect Tenses I. ACTIVE VOICE - The Latin Library

1 The Perfect Tenses The Tenses of the Perfect system ( Perfect , pluperfect & future Perfect ) are all formed off the Perfect stem, obtained from the third principal part of the verb. Note the regular principal parts for 1st and 2d conjugation verbs: voc , - re, - v , - tum and d be , - re, -u , -itum. I. ACTIVE VOICE Add to the Perfect stem the following endings: Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect - -imus -eram -er mus -er -erimus -ist -istis -er s -er tis -eris -eritis -it - runt -erat -erant -erit -erint voc v voc vimus voc veram voc ver mus voc ver voc verimus voc vist voc vistis voc ver s voc ver tis voc veris voc veritis voc vit voc v runt voc verat voc verant voc verit voc verint debu debuimus debueram debuer mus debuer debuerimus debuist debuistis debuer s debuer tis debueris debueritis debuit debu runt debuerat debuerant debuerit debuerint The Perfect system for the passive VOICE ( Perfect , pluperfect and future Perfect ) is formed by adding a form of esse to the Perfect passive participle (the 4th principal part).

2 The Perfect passive participle (always nominative) will agree with its subject in number and gender. Learn the third principal parts of the following verbs: sum, esse, fu , futurum, to be iube , -ere, iuss , iussum, to order d , d re, ded , datum, to give mane , - re, mans , mansum, to remain iuv , - re, iuv , iutum, to help move , - re, m v , m tum, to move st , st re, stet , statum, to stand pende , - re, pepend , p nsum, to hang v vo, -ere, v x , victum, to live responde , - re, respond , responsum, to reply sede , - re, s d , sessum, to sit tend , -ere, tetend , tentum (-sum), to extend veni , - re, v n , ventum, to come vide , - re, v d , v sum, to see Note the Perfect Tenses of sum, esse, fui: fui fuimus fueram fueramus fuero fuerimus fuisti fuistis fueras fueratis fueris fueritis fuit fuerunt fuerat fuerant fuerit fuerint II. Passive VOICE : Perfect Passive (I was loved .. ): present tense of esse + the Perfect passive participle: amatus sum amatus es amatus est amat sumus amat estis amat sunt doctus sum doctus es doctus est doct sumus doct estis doct sunt missus sum missus es missus est miss sumus miss estis miss sunt captus sum captus es captus est capt sumus capt estis capt sunt aud tus sum aud tus es aud tus est aud t sumus aud t estis aud t sunt Pluperfect Passive (I had been loved.)

3 : imperfect tense of esse + the Perfect passive participle: amatus eram amatus eras amatus erat amat er mus amat er tis amat erant doctus eram doctus eras doctus erat doct er mus doct er tis doct erant missus eram missus eras missus erat miss er mus miss er tis miss erant captus eram captus eras captus erat capt er mus capt er tis capt erant aud tus eram aud tus eras aud tus erat aud t er mus aud t er tis aud t erant Future Passive (I will have been loved .. ): future tense of esse + the Perfect passive participle: amatus ero amatus eris amatus erit amat erimus amat eritis amat erunt doctus ero doctus eris doctus erit doct erimus doct eritis doct erunt missus ero missus eris missus erit miss erimus miss eritis miss erunt captus ero captus eris captus erit capt erimus capt eritis capt erunt aud tus ero aud tus eris aud tus erit aud t erimus aud t eritis aud t erunt The Perfect passive participle will agree with its subject in number and gender: Vir ab agricol in casam ductus est.

4 The man was led into the house by the farmer. Virg a vir in casam ducta est. The maiden was led into the house by the man. Animal puer in casam ductum est. The animal was led into the house by the boy. Infinitive of the Perfect Tense: The Perfect ACTIVE infinitive is formed by adding isse to the Perfect stem: amavisse, to have loved docuisse, to have taught posuisse, to have placed The Perfect passive infinitive is formed with esse + the Perfect passive participle: amatus esse, to have been loved auditus esse, to have been heard


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