The Periodic Table of the Elements, in Pictures

1 2005 2016 Keith Enevoldsen Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike International LicenseAlkali Earth MetalsAlkali MetalsTransition MetalsSuperheavy ElementsRare Earth MetalsActinide MetalsNoble GasesHalogensMetalloidsPoorMetalsNonmeta lsNonmetalsMetalsHThe color of the symbol isthe color of the element inits most common pure ten elements by weightHuman Bodytop eight elements by weightEarth's Crustferromagnetic at room temperatureMagneticSolidLiquidat roomtemperatureGascorrosion-resistantNob le Metalsall isotopes are radioactiveRadioactiveless than a millionth percent of earth's crustOnly Traces Found in Natureonly made by peopleNever Found in NatureAtomicSymbolNameSymbolsAtomicNumbe rnumber ofprotonsHow it is (or was)

2 Usedor where it occurs in nature_____iumWidgetsAZColor Keyred liquidcolorless gasmetallic solidradioactive, never found in nature, no uses except atomic researchSuperheavy Elementsradioactive, never found in nature, no uses except atomic researchSun andStarsH1 HydrogenBatteriesLi3 LithiumEmeraldsBe4 BerylliumSaltNa11 SodiumChlorophyllMg12 MagnesiumFruits andVegetablesK19 PotassiumShells andBonesCa20 CalciumGlobalNavigationRb37 RubidiumFireworksSr38 StrontiumBicyclesSc21 ScandiumAerospaceTi22 TitaniumLasersY39 YttriumChemicalPipelinesZr40 ZirconiumSpringsV23 VanadiumStainlessSteelCr24 ChromiumMag LevTrainsNb41 NiobiumCuttingToolsMo42 MolybdenumEarthmoversMn25 ManganeseFe26 IronRadioactiveDiagnosisTc43

3 TechnetiumElectricSwitchesRu44 RutheniumMagnetsCo27 CobaltCoinsNi28 NickelSearchlightReflectorsRh45 RhodiumPollutionControlPd46 PalladiumElectricWiresCu29 CopperBrassInstrumentsZn30 ZincJewelryAg47 SilverPaintCd48 CadmiumSportsEquipmentB5 BoronBasis of Life'sMoleculesC6 CarbonAirplanesAl13 AluminumStone, Sand,and SoilSi14 SiliconProteinN7 NitrogenAirO8 OxygenBonesP15 PhosphorusEggsS16 SulfurLight-EmittingDiodes (LEDs)Ga31 GalliumSemiconductorElectronicsGe32 GermaniumLiquid CrystalDisplays (LCDs)In49 IndiumPlatedFood CansSn50 TinPoisonAs33 ArsenicCopiersSe34 SeleniumCarBatteriesSb51 AntimonyThermoelectricCoolersTe52 TelluriumPhotographyFilmBr35 BromineFlashlightsKr36 KryptonDisinfectantI53 IodineHigh-IntensityLampsXe54 XenonToothpasteF9 FluorineAdvertisingSignsNe10 NeonSwimmingPoolsCl17 ChlorineLight BulbsAr18 ArgonBalloonsHe2 HeliumAtomicClocksCs55 CesiumX-RayDiagnosisBa56 BariumLaserAtom TrapsFr87119 FranciumLuminousWatchesRa88120 Radium57 - 7189 - PointsOs76 OsmiumBh107 BohriumHs108 HassiumSpark

4 PlugsIr77 IridiumLabwarePt78 PlatinumMt109 Meitnerium110 JewelryAu79 GoldThermometersHg80 Mercury111112 Low-TemperatureThermometersTl81 ThalliumWeightsPb82 Lead113114 FireSprinklersBi83 BismuthAnti-StaticBrushesPo84 Polonium115116 RadioactiveMedicineAt85 AstatineSurgicalImplantsRn86 Radon117118 TelescopeLensesLa57 LanthanumRadioactiveMedicineAc89 ActiniumLighterFlintsCe58 CeriumTorchworkers'EyeglassesPr59 PraseodymiumGas LampMantlesTh90 ThoriumRadioactiveWastePa91 ProtactiniumElectric MotorMagnetsNd60 NeodymiumLuminousDialsPm61 PromethiumNuclearPowerU92 UraniumRadioactiveWasteNp93 NeptuniumElectric MotorMagnetsSm62 SamariumColorTelevisionsEu63 EuropiumNuclearWeaponsPu94 PlutoniumSmokeDetectorsAm95 AmericiumMRID iagnosisGd64 GadoliniumFluorescentLampsTb65 TerbiumMineralAnalyzersCm96 CuriumRadioactiveWasteBk97 BerkeliumSmart MaterialActuatorsDy66 DysprosiumLaserSurgeryHo67 HolmiumMineralAnalyzersCf98 CaliforniumEs99 EinsteiniumOptical FiberCommunicationsEr68 ErbiumLaserSurgeryTm69 ThuliumFm100 FermiumMd101

5 MendeleviumScientificFiber LasersYb70 YtterbiumPhotodynamicMedicineLu71 LutetiumNo102 NobeliumLr103 LawrenciumDarmstadtiumDsRoentgeniumRgSte elStructuresCoperniciumLivermoriumFlerov iumCnFlLvMoscoviumMcNihoniumNhTennessine TsOganessonOgPeriodsRareEarthMetalsActin ideMetalsAlkaliMetalsGroup 1 AlkaliEarthMetals2345678 Transition Metals9101112 CarbonGroup14 BoronGroup13 NitrogenGroup15 Halogens17 OxygenGroup16 NobleGases1812345678123456767 RareEarthMetalsActinideMetalsThe Periodic Table of the Elements, in Pictures 2005 2016 Keith Enevoldsen Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike International LicenseAn atom has a nucleus, made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons orbiting in cloud-like shells.

6 Smaller shells are surrounded by larger atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. This determines the chemical properties of the have positive electric charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative. Normally, an atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons. An ion is a charged atom with more or fewer electrons than atomic weight of an element is the average number of protons plus neutrons. You can easily estimate the atomic weight: it is usually 2 to times the atomic element is a substance made from one or more atoms of the same atomic number.

7 A compound is a substance made from two or more elements chemically form molecules by bonding together. Atoms give, take, or share electrons to achieve full outer electron in the same group, or column, are similar because they typically have the same number of outer electrons. This Table shows some easy-to-remember common numbers for each bondOne atom takes an electron from another atom and the oppositely charged ions bondAtoms share their outer bondShared outer electrons flow, conducting heat and BondingNaClNa+Cl-HHOHHOSaltSilverWaterAg AgAgAgAgAgAgGroupsNucleus ofprotons andneutronsElectronshellsThe valence number is the number of electronsgiven (+) or taken (-)

8 When +1 Group numberOuter electrons*Valence number*2+22+23+34+4,-45-36-27-180* typicalParticlesProtonNeutronElectron+10 -1 Radioactivity. Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Some isotopes are stable; others are radioactive their nuclei eventually disintegrate. The radioactive half-life is the time for half the nuclei to disintegrate. On this chart, an element is called long-lived if the half-life of any of its isotopes is more than one year; otherwise it is called , short-lived; never found in nature, no uses except atomic researchradioactive, short-lived; never found in nature, no uses except atomic researchSuperheavy Elementshigh-melting-pointnon-corrodingm etal.

9 Labware,surgical tools,artificial joints,capacitors,mobile phonesHydrogen1341112 LithiumBerylliumSodiumMagnesiumPotassium CalciumHeliumFluorineNeonNitrogenOxygenB oronCarbonChlorineArgonPhosphorusSulfurA luminumSiliconBromineKryptonArsenicSelen iumGalliumGermaniumCopperZincCobaltNicke lManganeseIronVanadiumChromiumScandiumTi taniumRubidiumStrontiumRhodiumPalladiumT echnetiumRutheniumNiobiumMolybdenumYttri umZirconiumCesiumBariumIridiumPlatinumRh eniumOsmiumTantalumTungstenHafniumFranci umRadiumIodineXenonAntimonyTelluriumIndi umTinSilverCadmiumAstatineRadonBismuthPo loniumThalliumLeadGoldMercuryYtterbiumLu tetiumErbiumThuliumDysprosiumHolmiumGado liniumTerbiumCaliforniumNobeliumLawrenci umFermiumMendeleviumEinsteiniumCuriumBer keliumSamariumEuropiumNeodymiumPromethiu mCeriumPraseodymiumLanthanumPlutoniumAme riciumUraniumNeptuniumThoriumProtactiniu mActinium562789101718151613143536333431 Ge32535451524950858683848182707168696667 1021031001019899969794959293646562636061 7980777875764748454643442930272825262324 2122192041423940373873747210410510610710 8109110111112113114115116117118555658599 1578990878811912057 - 7189 - gas,lightest element;90% of atoms inthe universe,sun and stars,water (H20),life's organicmoleculeslightest metal,soft, reactive;lightweightaluminum alloys,batteries,impact-resistantceramic cookware,mood stabilizerlightweight metal;non-sparkingcopper alloy tools,aerospace,X-ray windows,beryl gems:emeralds andaquamarinessoft metal,reactive;salt (NaCl), nerves,baking soda,antacids, lye, soap,soda ash, glass,papermaking,street lampslightweight metal;chlorophyll ingreen plants,ta