The Periodic Table of the Elements, in Words - Wlonk

1 2005 2016 Keith Enevoldsen Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike International LicenseAn atom has a nucleus, made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons orbiting in cloud-like shells. Smaller shells are surrounded by larger atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. This determines the chemical properties of the have positive electric charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative. Normally, an atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons. An ion is a charged atom with more or fewer electrons than atomic weight of an element is the average number of protons plus neutrons. You can easily estimate the atomic weight: it is usually 2 to times the atomic element is a substance made from one or more atoms of the same atomic number.

2 A compound is a substance made from two or more elements chemically form molecules by bonding together. Atoms give, take, or share electrons to achieve full outer electron in the same group, or column, are similar because they typically have the same number of outer electrons. This Table shows some easy-to-remember common numbers for each bondOne atom takes an electron from another atom and the oppositely charged ions bondAtoms share their outer bondShared outer electrons flow, conducting heat and BondingNaClNa+Cl-HHOHHOSaltSilverWaterAg AgAgAgAgAgAgGroupsNucleus ofprotons andneutronsElectronshellsThe valence number is the number of electronsgiven (+) or taken (-) when +1 Group numberOuter electrons*Valence number*2+22+23+34+4,-45-36-27-180* typicalParticlesProtonNeutronElectron+10 -1 Radioactivity.

3 Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Some isotopes are stable; others are radioactive their nuclei eventually disintegrate. The radioactive half-life is the time for half the nuclei to disintegrate. On this chart, an element is called long-lived if the half-life of any of its isotopes is more than one year; otherwise it is called , short-lived; never found in nature, no uses except atomic researchradioactive, short-lived; never found in nature, no uses except atomic researchSuperheavy Elementshigh-melting-pointnon-corrodingm etal;labware,surgical tools,artificial joints,capacitors,mobile phonesHydrogen1341112 LithiumBerylliumSodiumMagnesiumPotassium CalciumHeliumFluorineNeonNitrogenOxygenB oronCarbonChlorineArgonPhosphorusSulfurA luminumSiliconBromineKryptonArsenicSelen iumGalliumGermaniumCopperZincCobaltNicke lManganeseIronVanadiumChromiumScandiumTi taniumRubidiumStrontiumRhodiumPalladiumT echnetiumRutheniumNiobiumMolybdenumYttri umZirconiumCesiumBariumIridiumPlatinumRh eniumOsmiumTantalumTungstenHafniumFranci umRadiumIodineXenonAntimonyTelluriumIndi umTinSilverCadmiumAstatineRadonBismuthPo loniumThalliumLeadGoldMercuryYtterbiumLu tetiumErbiumThuliumDysprosiumHolmiumGado liniumTerbiumCaliforniumNobeliumLawrenci umFermiumMendeleviumEinsteiniumCuriumBer keliumSamariumEuropiumNeodymiumPromethiu mCeriumPraseodymiumLanthanumPlutoniumAme riciumUraniumNeptuniumThoriumProtactiniu mActinium562789101718151613143536333431 Ge32535451524950858683848182707168696667 1021031001019899969794959293646562636061 7980777875764748454643442930272825262324 2122192041423940373873747210410510610710 8109110111112113114115116117118555658599 1578990878811912057 - 7189 - gas,lightest element;90% of atoms inthe universe,sun and stars,water (H20),life's organicmoleculeslightest metal,soft, reactive;lightweightaluminum alloys,batteries,impact-resistantceramic cookware,mood stabilizerlightweight metal;non-sparkingcopper alloy tools,aerospace,X-ray windows,beryl gems:emeralds andaquamarinessoft metal,reactive;salt (NaCl), nerves,baking soda,antacids, lye, soap,soda ash, glass,papermaking,street lampslightweight metal;chlorophyll ingreen plants,talc, basalt,aluminum alloys,cars, planes, bikes,flares, sparklers,antacidsinert gas, secondlightest element;nuclear fusionin sun and stars,balloons,lasers,supercoldrefrigera ntyellowishpoison gas,most reactiveelement;glowing fluorite,toothpaste,nonstick cookware,CFC refrigerantsinert gas;orange-redneon tubes foradvertising signs,lasers,supercoldrefrigerantcolorle ss gas;78% of air,organic molecules,protein, muscles,DNA, ammonia,fertilizer,explosives (TNT),refrigerantscolorless gas;21% of air, H2O,65% of the body,organic molecules,blood, breathing,fire, half ofEarth's crust,minerals, oxideshard black solid;borax soap,fertilizer,stiff fibers,sports equipment,heat-resistantborosilicate glass,semiconductorshard diamond,soft graphite;basis of life'sorganic molecules,animals, plants,CO2, wood, paper,cloth, plastic,coal, oil, gasolinegreenish poison gas;salt (NaCl), bleach,stomach acid,disinfectant,drinking water,swimming pools,PVC plasticpipes and bottlesinert gas;1% of air,most abundantinert gas,light bulbs,"neon" tubes,lasers,welding gasglowing white waxysolid (also redand black forms);bones, DNA,energy-storingphosphates (ATP),fertilizer, acids,detergent, matchesbrittle yellow solid;skin, hair,eggs, onions,garlic, skunks,hot springs,volcanos, gypsum,rubber, acids,papermakinglightweight non-corroding metal;kitchenware, cans,foil, machinery,cars, planes, bikes,feldspar, granite,clay, ceramics,corundum, gemshard metalloid;quartz, granite,sand, soil, clay,ceramics, glass,algae, diatoms,semiconductors,computer chips,silicone rubberdark red liquid;disinfectant,pools and spas,photo film,flame retardant,leaded gasoline,sedativesinert gas;high-intensitylamps, headlights,flashlights,lanterns,"neon" tubes,lasersbrittle metalloid;poisons,semiconductors,light-e mittingdiodes (LEDs)(GaAs),signal lights,tiny lasersbrittle gray solid;photocopiers,laser printers,photocells,red glass,dandruff shampoo,rubbersoft metal, meltson a hot day;semiconductors,light-emittingdiodes (LEDs)(GaAs),signal lights,tiny lasersbrittle metalloid;semiconductors,transistors,rec tifiers, diodes,photocells,lenses,infrared windowscolored metal,conducts heat andelectricity well;wires, cookware,brass (Cu-Zn),bronze (Cu-Sn),coins, pipes,blue crab bloodnon-corrodingmetal;galvanized steel,brass (Cu-Zn),batteries, whitepaint, phosphorsin TVs and lamps,fertilizerhard metal,magnetic;hard strong steel,cutting tools,turbines,magnets (Al-Ni-Co),blue glass, ceramics,vitamin B-12medium-hardmetal, magnetic;stainless steel(Fe-Cr-Ni),kitchenware,nichrome heaters,nicad batteries,coins, Earth's corehard metal;hard tough steel,earthmovers,rock crushers,rails, plows, axes,batteries,fertilizer,amethystsmediu m-hardmetal, magnetic;steel alloysare mostly iron,structures,vehicles, magnets,Earth's core,red rocks, bloodhard shiny metal;stainless steel(Fe-Cr-Ni),kitchenware,nichrome heaters,car trim, paints,recording tape,emeralds & rubiesnon-corrodinghard shiny metal;labware,reflectors,electric contacts,thermocouples,catalyst,pollutio n controlnon-corrodinghard metal,absorbs hydrogen;labware,electric contacts,dentistry,catalyst,pollution controlradioactive,long-lived;first human-madeelement, onlytraces on Earthbut found in stars,medicaldiagnostic tracernon-corrodinghard metal;electric contacts,leaf switches,pen tips,catalyst,hydrogenproductionhigh-mel ting-pointmetal;hard steel,cutting tools,drill bits,armor plate,gun barrels,fertilizernon-corrodingdense metal;labware,spark plugs,catalyst,pollution control,petroleum cracking,processing fatshigh-melting-pointdense metal;rocket engines,heater coils,lab filaments,electric contacts,thermocouples,catalystnon-corro dinghard metal,densest element(same as osmium);labware,spark plugs,pen tips, needlesnon-corrodinghigh-melting-pointha rd metal,densest element(same as iridium);electric contacts,pen tips, needles,fingerprint powderhighest-melting-point metal, dense;filaments inlamps and TVs,cutting tools,abrasives,thermocouplesviolet-blac k solid;disinfectant forwounds anddrinking water,added to saltto preventthyroid disease,photo filminert gas;high-intensitylamps, headlights,stadium lamps,projectors,strobes, lasers,spacecraftion enginesbrittle metalloid;solders,lead hardener,batteries, bullets,semiconductors,photocells,matche s,flame retardantbrittle metalloid;alloys,semiconductors,photocop iers,computer disks,thermo-electriccoolers andgeneratorssoft metal;solders,glass seals,glass coatings,liquid crystaldisplays (LCDs),semiconductors,diodes, photocellsnon-corrodingsoft metal;solders,plated food cans,bronze (Cu-Sn),pewter cups,glassmaking,fire sprinklerssoft shiny metal,conductselectricity bestof all elements ;jewelry,silverware, coins,dentistry,photo filmnon-corrodingsoft metal, toxic;electroplatedsteel,nicad batteries,red and yellowpaints,fire sprinklersradioactive,short-lived;small tracesin nature,cancer medicineradioactive gas,short-lived;environmentalhazard,surg ical implantsfor cancertreatmentlow-melting-pointbrittle metal;solders, fuses,fire sprinklers(plugs meltwhen hot),cosmetics pigmentradioactive,long-lived;first radioactiveelement found,small tracesin nature,anti-static brushes,tobaccosoft metal,toxic;low-melting-pointmercury alloys,low-temperaturethermometers,under sea lamps,photocellsdense, soft,non-corrodingmetal, toxic;weights, solders,batteries, bullets,crystal glass,old plumbing,radiation shieldmost malleableelement, densenon-tarnishingcolored metal;jewelry, coins,ultra-thingold leaf,electric contactsliquid metal,toxic;thermometers,barometers,ther mostats,street lamps,fluorescent lamps,dentistrysoft metal,reactive;salts, nerves,nutrients in fruitsand vegetables,soap, fertilizer,potash, matches,gunpowdersoft metal;bones, teeth, milk,leaves, vegetables,shells, coral,limestone, chalk,gypsum, plaster,mortar, cement,marble, antacidshard metal;hard strongresilient steel,structures,vehicles, springs,driveshafts, tools,aerospace,violet sapphiressoft lightweightmetal;aluminum alloys,racing bikes,stadium lamps,furnace bricks,aquamarinesstrongestlightweight metal,heat-resistant;aerospace,racing bikes,artificial joints,white paint,blue sapphiressoft metal,reactive;atomic clocks,global navigation(GPS),vacuum tubescavengersoft metal;red fireworks,flares,phosphors,nuclear batteries,medicaldiagnostic tracer,nuclear fallouthigh-melting-pointnon-corrodingme tal;chemical pipelines,superconductors,magneticlevita tion trains,MRI magnetssoft metal;phosphors incolor TVs,lasers (YAG, YLF),furnace bricks,high-temperaturesuperconductorsno n-corrodingneutron-resistantmetal;chemic al pipelines,nuclear reactors,furnace bricks,abrasives,zircon gemssoft metal, meltson a hot day,reactive, largeststable atoms;atomic clocks,global navigation(GPS), vacuumtube scaveng