The Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and ...

1 The Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructuresand Key Assets february 2003 The Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructuresand Key Assets february 2003My Fellow Americans:The September 11, 2001, attacks demonstrated the extent of our vulnerability to the terrorist the aftermath of these tragic events, we, as a Nation, have demonstrated firm resolve in protecting ourcritical Infrastructures and key assets from further terrorist exploitation. In this effort, government at alllevels, the private sector, and concerned citizens across the country have begun an important partnershipand commitment to address the threat posed by those who wish to harm the United States, Critical infrastructure ownersand operators are assessing their vulnerabilities and increasing their investment in security. State andmunicipal governments across the country continue to take important steps to identify and assure theprotection of key assets and services within their jurisdictions.

2 Federal departments and agencies areworking closely with industry to take stock of key assets and facilitate protective actions, while improvingthe timely exchange of important security-related information. The Office of Homeland Security isworking closely with key public- and private-sector entities to implement the Homeland Security Advisory System across all levels of government and the Critical sectors. Finally, I commend the Membersof Congress for working diligently to pass comprehensive legislation that will unify our national Critical infrastructure and key asset Protection efforts in the new Department of Homeland work remains, however, to insure that we sustain these initial efforts over the long term. This NationalStrategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assetsrepresents the first milestone in the road ahead.

3 Consistent with the National Strategy for Homeland Security,this document identifies a clearset of goals and objectives and outlines the guiding principles that will underpin our efforts to secure the Infrastructures and assets vital to our public health and safety, national security, governance, economy, andpublic confidence. It provides a unifying structure, defines roles and responsibilities, and identifies majorinitiatives that will drive our near-term Protection priorities. Most importantly, it establishes a foundationfor building and fostering a cooperative environment in which government, industry, and private citizens can work together to protect our Critical Infrastructures and key white housewashingtonThe National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assetsis the product of many months of consultation across a broad range of public- and private-sector includes extensive input from the federal departments and agencies, state and municipal government,private-sector infrastructure owners and operators, the scientific and technology community, professionalassociations, research institutes, and concerned citizens across the country.

4 This document is a trulynational we work to implement this Strategy,it is important to remember that Protection of our Critical Infrastructures and key assets is a shared responsibility. Accordingly, the success of our protective effortswill require close cooperation between government and the private sector at all levels. Each of us has an extremely important role to play in protecting the Infrastructures and assets that are the basis for ourdaily lives and that represent important components of our national power and terrorist enemy that we face is highly determined, patient, and adaptive. In confronting this threat,protecting our Critical Infrastructures and key assets represents an enormous challenge. We must remain united in our resolve, tenacious in our approach, and harmonious in our actions to overcome this challenge and secure the foundations of our Nation and way of life.

5 V Executive Summary ..viiIntroduction ..1 The Case for Action ..5 National Policy and Guiding Principles ..11 Organizing and Partnering for Critical Infrastructure and Key Asset Protection ..15 Cross-Sector Security and Resource Sharing and Indications and Warnings ..25 Personnel Surety, Building Human Capital, and Awareness ..28 Technology and Research & Development ..31 Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis ..33 Securing Critical Infrastructures ..35 Agriculture and Food ..36 Water ..39 Public Health ..41 Emergency Services ..43 Defense Industrial Base ..45 Telecommunications .. and Finance ..63 Chemical Industry and Hazardous Materials ..65 Postal and Shipping ..67 Protecting Key Assets ..71 National Monuments and Icons ..72 Nuclear Power Facilities ..77 Commercial Key Assets ..78 Conclusion ..81 Acronyms.

6 83vi This document defines the road ahead for a coremission area identified in the President s NationalStrategy for Homeland Security reducing the Nation svulnerability to acts of terrorism by protecting our crit-ical Infrastructures and key assets from Physical document, the National Strategy for the PhysicalProtection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets,theStrategy,identifies a clear set of national goals andobjectives and outlines the guiding principles that willunderpin our efforts to secure the Infrastructures andassets vital to our national security, governance, publichealth and safety, economy, and public confidence. ThisStrategyalso provides a unifying organization andidentifies specific initiatives to drive our near-termnational Protection priorities and inform the resourceallocation process.

7 Most importantly, it establishes afoundation for building and fostering the cooperativeenvironment in which government, industry, andprivate citizens can carry out their respective protectionresponsibilities more effectively and Strategyrecognizes the many important steps thatpublic and private entities across the country havetaken in response to the September 11, 2001, attacks toimprove the security of their Critical facilities, systems,and functions. Building upon these efforts, this docu-ment provides direction to the federal departments andagencies that have a role in Critical infrastructure andkey asset Protection . It also suggests steps that stateand local governments, private sector entities, andconcerned citizens across America can take to enhanceour collective infrastructure and asset security. In thislight, this Strategybelongs and applies to the Nation asa whole, not just to the federal government or itsconstituent departments and New MissionThe September 11 attacks demonstrated our national-level Physical vulnerability to the threat posed by aformidable enemy-focused, mass destruction events of that day also validated how determined,patient, and sophisticated in both planning andexecution our terrorist enemies have become.

8 Thebasic nature of our free society greatly enables terroristoperations and tactics, while, at the same time, hindersour ability to predict, prevent, or mitigate the effects ofterrorist acts. Given these realities, it is imperative to develop a comprehensive national approach to Physical the End State: Strategic ObjectivesThe strategic objectives that underpin our nationalcritical infrastructure and key asset Protection effort include: Identifying and assuring the Protection of thoseinfrastructures and assets that we deem most criticalin terms of national-level public health and safety,governance, economic and national security, andpublic confidence consequences; Providing timely warning and assuring the protec-tion of those Infrastructures and assets that face aspecific, imminent threat; and Assuring the Protection of other Infrastructures andassets that may become terrorist targets over time bypursuing specific initiatives and enabling a collabo-rative environment in which federal, state, and localgovernments and the private sector can betterprotect the Infrastructures and assets they Security and InfrastructureProtection: A Shared ResponsibilityProtecting America s Critical Infrastructures and keyassets calls for a transition to a new national coopera-tive paradigm.

9 The basic tenets of homeland securityarefundamentally different from the historically definedtenets of national security. Traditionally,national securityhas been recognized largely as the responsibilityof the federal securityis under-pinned by the collective efforts of the military, foreignpolicy establishment, and intelligence community in the defense of our airspace and national borders,as well as operations overseas to protect our national security,particularly in the context of criticalinfrastructure and key asset Protection , is a sharedresponsibility that cannot be accomplished by thefederal government alone. It requires coordinatedaction on the part of federal, state, and local govern-ments; the private sector; and concerned citizens acrossthe vii To build and implement a robust strategy to protectour Critical Infrastructures and key assets from furtherterrorist exploitation, we must understand the motiva-tions of our enemies as well as their preferred tacticsand targets.

10 We must complement this understandingwith a comprehensive assessment of the infrastructuresand assets to be protected, their vulnerabilities, and thechallenges associated with eliminating or mitigatingthose vulnerabilities a task that will require theconcerted efforts of our entire Importance of Critical InfrastructuresAmerica s Critical infrastructure sectors provide thefoundation for our national security, governance,economic vitality, and way of life. Furthermore, theircontinued reliability, robustness, and resiliency create asense of confidence and form an important part of ournational identity and purpose. Critical infrastructuresframe our daily lives and enable us to enjoy one of thehighest overall standards of living in the facilities, systems, and functions that comprise ourcritical Infrastructures are highly sophisticated andcomplex.