THE QOG STANDARD DATASET 2021

1 THE QOG STANDARD DATASET 2021. CODEBOOK. Scholars who wish to use this DATASET in their research are kindly requested to cite both the original source (as stated in this codebook) and use the following citation: Teorell, Jan, Aksel Sundstr m, S ren Holmberg, Bo Rothstein, Natalia Alvarado Pachon & Cem Mert Dalli. 2021. The Quality of Government STANDARD DATASET , version Jan21. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute, The QoG Institute Box 711. 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden Contents 1 Introduction 4. The Quality of Government Institute .. 4. The QoG Data .. 4. Important note on the terms of use of these datasets .. 4. QoG STANDARD DATASET .. 5. Thematic Categories .. 8. 2 List of Variables by Categories 10. Quality of Government.

2 10. Civil Society, Population and Culture .. 14. Con ict and Military Service .. 17. Education .. 18. Energy and Infrastructure .. 22. Environment .. 24. Gender Equality .. 26. Health .. 28. History .. 31. Judicial .. 32. Labour Market .. 35. Media .. 41. Migration .. 42. Political Parties and Elections .. 43. Political System .. 48. Public Economy .. 51. Private Economy .. 57. Religion .. 60. Welfare .. 62. 3 Identi cation Variables 63. 4 Description of Variables by Original Data Sources 64. AidData .. 64. Global Integrity .. 65. Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson .. 97. Alesina, Devleeschauwer, Easterly, Kurlat and Wacziarg .. 98. The Association of Religion Data Archives .. 99. Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions Project .. 108. Sherppa Ghent University.

3 111. The International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species112. Bonn International Center for Conversion .. 115. Bar-Ilan University .. 117. Barro and Lee .. 119. Boix, Miller and Rosato .. 123. Bernhard, Nordstrom and Reenock .. 124. Bertelsmann Stiftung .. 125. Forman-Rabinovici and Sommer .. 140. Coppedge, Alvarez and Maldonado .. 144. Ana Carolina Garriga .. 144. The Comparative Constitutions Project .. 148. Cheibub, Gandhi and Vreeland .. 154. Armingeon, Wegner, Wiedemeier, Isler, Knoepfel, Weisstanner and Engler .. 155. Fazekas and Kocsis .. 168. Comparative Study of Electoral Systems .. 170. Center of Systemic Peace .. 171. Vincenzo Emanuele .. 171. Andrew Williams .. 173. ETH Zurich .. 174. 1. Global Footprint Network.

4 175. UN Department of Economic and Social A airs .. 178. Ease of Doing Business Report .. 180. Environmental Performance Index .. 189. European Social Survey .. 194. Eurostat .. 197. Emanuele, Angelucci, Marino, Puleo and Vegetti .. 261. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations .. 263. James D. Fearon .. 267. Fund for Peace .. 268. Fraser Institute .. 273. Guill n and Capron .. 278. Transparency International .. 279. The Political Terror Scale project .. 293. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation .. 295. IMF Government Finance Statistics .. 298. World Economic Forum .. 301. United Nations Development Programme .. 303. Kristian S. Gleditsch .. 303. Bormann and Golder .. 305. Institute for Economics & Peace .. 312. Gerring, Thacker and Moreno.

5 314. Andersson and Brambor .. 315. Geddes, Wright and Frantz .. 318. Witold Henisz .. 320. Heritage Foundation .. 323. Hollyer, Rosendor and Vreeland .. 328. Wahman, Teorell and Hadenius .. 330. Institutions and Elections Project .. 333. International Budget Partnership .. 349. Brambor, Goenega, Lindvall and Teorell .. 350. International Country Risk Guide - The PRS Group .. 351. International Centre for Tax and Development and UNU-WIDER .. 353. Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance .. 358. Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance .. 362. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation .. 363. Mo Ibrahim Foundation .. 365. European Research Centre for Anti-Corruption and State-Building .. 371. Inter-Parliamentary Union .. 372.

6 Johnson and Wallack .. 374. Aljaz Kun i .. 388. LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg .. 391. La Porta, L pez-de-Silanes, Shleifer and Vishny .. 397. Maddison Historical Statistics .. 399. Hyde and Marinov .. 401. Pippa Norris .. 404. Natural Resource Management Index .. 405. Nunn and Puga .. 405. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development .. 407. The Ocean Health Index .. 464. Marshall and Gurr .. 465. Norris and Groemping .. 466. Ouattara and Standaert .. 468. Vincenzo Emanuele .. 469. Persson and Tabellini .. 472. Feenstra, Inklaar and Timmer .. 473. Dahlstrom, Teorell, Dahlberg, Hartmann, Lindberg and Nistotskaya .. 478. Philip G. Roeder .. 481. 2. Michael L Ross .. 482. Reporters Sans Fronti res .. 486. Borcan, Olsson and Putterman.

7 487. Bertelsmann Stiftung .. 489. Elgin and Oztunali .. 497. Nathan Nunn .. 498. Social Progress Imperative .. 500. The Political Terror Scale project .. 502. Duane Swank .. 502. Transparency International .. 510. World Inequality Lab .. 512. UCDP/PRIO .. 513. Pemstein, Meserve and Melton .. 514. United Nations Development Program .. 515. UNESCO .. 516. Tatu Vanhanen .. 529. Varieties of Democracy .. 530. Institute for Economics & Peace .. 540. The World Bank Group .. 540. The World Bank Group .. 545. World Economic Forum .. 625. Christian Welzel .. 638. Nyrup and Bramwell .. 648. World Health Organization .. 652. World Happiness Report .. 659. Geddes, Wright and Frantz .. 659. World Values Survey / European Values Survey .. 660. The World Bank Group.

8 674. Sundstr m and Stockemer .. 684. 5 Bibliography 686. 6 Appendix 693. 3. 1 Introduction The Quality of Government Institute The QoG Institute was founded in 2004 by Professor Bo Rothstein and Professor S ren Holmberg. It is an independent research institute within the Department of Political Science at the University of Gothenburg. The institute conducts research on the causes, consequences and nature of Good Gover- nance and the Quality of Government (QoG) - that is, trustworthy, reliable, impartial, uncorrupted, and competent government institutions. The main objective of the research is to address the theoretical and empirical problems of how political institutions of high quality can be created and maintained. A second objective is to study the e ects of Quality of Government on a number of policy areas, such as health, environment, social policy, and poverty.

9 While Quality of Government is the common intellectual focal point of the research institute, a variety of theoretical and methodological perspectives are applied. The QoG Data One aim of the QoG Institute is to make comparative data on QoG and its correlates publicly available. To accomplish this, we have compiled several datasets that draw on a number of freely available data sources, including aggregated individual-level data. The QoG datasets are available in several le formats, making them usable in most statistical softwares as well as in Excel. The QoG STANDARD DATASET is our largest DATASET consisting of more than 2,000 variables. For those who prefer a smaller DATASET , we provide the QoG Basic DATASET , consisting of approximately the 300 most used variables from the QoG STANDARD DATASET .

10 We also provide a DATASET called the QoG OECD DATASET which covers OECD member countries and has high data coverage in terms of geography and time. The STANDARD , Basic, and OECD datasets are all available in both time-series (TS) and cross- sectional (CS) versions, as separate datasets. In the TS datasets, the unit of analysis is country-year ( Sweden-1984, Sweden-1985 and so on). The CS datasets, unlike the TS datasets, do not include multiple years for a particular country, therefore, the unit of analysis is country. Although, many of the variables are available in both TS and CS, some variables are not, so it is advisable to use the codebook to see which variables are included. Each variable entry in this codebook speci es in which DATASET you will nd the variable.