The Sabbath and Jubilee Cycle - Yahweh

1 The SabbathandJubilee CycleThe SabbathandJubilee CycleVolume One of the Series onAncient World ChronologyA Historical StudybyQadesh La Yahweh PressSecond Edition1995 Copyright 1992 by Qadesh La Yahweh PressAll rights reservedPublished byQadesh La Yahweh Box 5705 Garden Grove, Ca. 92645 Printed in the United States of AmericaFirst Edition 1992 Second Edition 1995No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner withoutwritten permission except in the case of brief BOOK IS NOT TO BE the truth and do not sell wisdom, instruction,and understanding. (Proverbs, 23:23)Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 91-066737 ISBN: 0-9623638-8-XEditorial StaffC. RunfolaD. TollefsonS. GuevarraD. DealP. CareyResearched and writtenbyR. CloverContentsNOTE TO READER .. xvPreliminary DiscussionLEVITICUS, 25:1 3 INTRODUCTION .. IN THE SYSTEM B RECONSTRUCTION .. 9 Other Views.

2 10An Error in Chronology .. 10 Other Factors .. 13 Conclusion .. TISHRI 1 NEW YEAR QUESTION .. 19 The Seventh Month and the Jubilee .. 19 The Tishri Year .. 21 The Transition to the Tishri Year .. 23 Conclusion .. 26 SECTION IThe Pre-Exile IN HEZEKIAH S REIGNPart I of the Sabbath and Jubileeof 701/700 and 700/699 .. 29 The Order of Events .. 29 The Sabbath Year in Hezekiah s Reign .. 31 The Length of the Conflict .. 32 The Illness of Hezekiah .. 34 The Assyrian Army Was DestroyedNear the Beginning of the Year .. 36 Conclusion .. ASSYRIAN VERSIONPart II of the Sabbath and Jubileeof 701/700 and 700/699 .. 39 Dating the Third Campaign .. 39viiContentsThe Length of Sennacherib s Third Campaign .. 43 Addressing the Opposing View .. 45 Conclusion .. OR TWO INVASIONS? Part III of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699.

3 51 The Siege of Lachish .. 51 Hezekiah s Illness .. 53 Josephus and the Seder Olam .. 55 The Assyrian Records Reflect a Defeat .. 56 Conclusion .. IN THE SECOND INVASION HYPOTHESIS Part IV of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 .. 61 Why the Two-Invasion View? .. 61 The Lack of Evidence .. 62 Propaganda in the Assyrian Records .. 64 Why Not Invade Egypt? .. 67 Conclusion .. ARGUMENTS FOR TWO INVASIONS Part V of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 .. 73 The Arab Campaign .. 73 Herodotus .. 75 Tribute to Nineveh .. 77 The Number of Assyrian Dead .. 78 The Death of Sennacherib .. 81 The Spelling of Hezekiah .. 82 Conclusion .. Part VI of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 .. 85 One Tirhakah? .. 86 Khu-Re Nefertem Tirhakah .. 87A Confederation of Kings .. 91 The Issue of Name.

4 97 Conclusion .. IDENTITY OF TIRHAKAH Part VII of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 .. 105 Tsawi Tirhakah .. 105 Bifurcated Dynasty .. 106viiiContentsDifferent Realms .. 108 Different Kings .. 112 The Empire of Tsawi Tirhakah .. 114 Tirhakah Piankhi .. 118 Conclusion .. ISSUES OF CHRONOLOGY Part VIII of the Sabbath and Jubilee of 701/700 and 700/699 .. 121 Background for the Parallel Stories .. 121 The Invasion of Western Asia .. 123 The Egyptian Counterattack .. 125 The Invasion of Egypt .. 125 The Retreat .. 126 Remaining Questions and Issues .. 127 Conclusion .. 132 SECTION IIThe Post-Exile Sabbath YEAR OF 456/455 .. 159 The Versions of Josephus and 1 Esdras .. 160 Ezra s Version .. 161 Nehemiah s Version .. 162 The Reckoning of Ezra .. 163 The Reckoning of Nehemiah .. 164 The Reckoning of Josephus.

5 167 The Opposing Views .. 167 Conclusion .. SELEUCID ERA IN JUDAEAPart I of the Sabbath Year of 162/161 .. 169 The Seleucid Era Used in Judaea .. 169 The Year Begins with Abib (Nisan) .. 171 The Two Books of Maccabees .. 171 The Book of Josephus .. 174 Did They Count from Nisan, 312 .. 177 Conclusion .. SIEGE OF BETHZURA AND JERUSALEMPart II of the Sabbath Year of 162/161 .. 181 The Sources in Harmony .. 182 The Siege during the Sabbath Year .. 186 Conclusion .. Sabbath YEAR OF 134/133 .. 205 The Chronology of Simon .. 205 John and the Approaching Sabbath Year .. 206 War and the Sabbath .. 207 Year 1 of Hyrcanus, a Sabbath Year .. 209 Conclusion .. Sabbath YEAR OF 43/42 .. 213 Conclusion .. 215 SECTION IIIThe Period Of SIEGE of JERUSALEMPart I of the Sabbath Year of 36/35 .. 219A Contradiction?

6 219 Jerusalem Captured during a Non- Sabbath Year .. 220 The Solution .. 222 Conclusion .. 227 XVII. THE CHRONOLOGY OF HERODPart II of the Sabbath Year of 36/35 .. 229 Dio s Contribution .. 229 The Length of Herod s Reign .. 231 The End of Herod s Reign .. 231 The Beginning of Herod s Reign .. 233 Conclusion .. 235 XVIII. THE YEAR HEROD CONQUERED JERUSALEMPart III of the Sabbath Year of 36/35 .. 237 Herod at Samosota: 38 .. 237 The Summer Corn-Crop .. 238 The Winter of Josephus .. 239 The Winter of 38/37 .. 241 Year 1 of Herod s Reign at Jerusalem .. 243 Other Evidence for Year 1 at Jerusalem .. 244 Conclusion .. MONTH HEROD CONQUERED JERUSALEMPart IV of the Sabbath Year of 36/35 .. 247 Conquest on a Fast Day .. 247 Which Fast Day? .. 249 The Interlude .. 253 The Reign of Antigonus .. 254 The Third Month of the Olympiad.

7 255 Conclusion .. 257xContents 27 YEARSPart V of the Sabbath Year of 36/35 .. 259 Dating the 27 years .. 259 The Death of Mithridates .. 262 The Reign of Aristobulus .. 265 The Planting Season .. 266 Conclusion .. Sabbath YEAR OF 22/21 .. 269 Dating the Thirteenththrough Seventeenth Years of Herod .. 272 Comparing Sabbath Cycle Systems .. 273 Other Relevant Details .. 273 Conclusion .. 275 SECTION IVThe Post-Herod PeriodXXII. THE Sabbath YEAR OF 42/43 .. 279 The Harvest of 40 .. 279 Planting Time: Winter of 40 .. 281 The Chronology .. 283 Dating the Planting Season .. 284 Conclusion .. 285 XXIII. A NOTE OF INDEBTEDNESS IN NERO S TIMEPart I of the Sabbath Year of 56/57 .. 287 Chronology of the Early Roman Emperors .. 288 Year 12 of Nero in Judaea .. 294 Conclusion .. 295 XXIV. NERO S YEAR 2 IN JUDAEAPart II of the Sabbath Year of 56/57.

8 301 The Nisan 1 Regnal Years in Josephus for Nero .. 301 Dating the First Revolt .. 304 Dating Year 2 of Nero .. 307 Conclusion .. 308 XXV. THE Sabbath YEAR OF 70/71 .. 309 The Chronology of Simon s Invasion .. 309 The Edomite Jews .. 311 Conclusion .. 316xiContentsSECTION VThe Bar Kochba PeriodXXVI. DATING THE CONTRACTSPart I of the Sabbath Years of 133/134 and 140/141 319 The Second Revolt .. 322 Dating the Second Revolt .. 324 Conclusion .. 327 XXVII. ADDRESSING THE OPPOSING VIEWPart II of the Sabbath Years of 133/134 and 140/141 329 The Flaws in the Popular Theory .. 330 The Bar Kochba Chronology .. 332 The Three and One Half Years .. 334 Conclusion .. 336 XXVIII. COINS AND DOCUMENTS Part III of the Sabbath Years of 133/134 and 140/141 337 Coins and the Fall of Jerusalem .. 337 The Contract Dated Iyyar 1.

9 341 Other Documents .. 345 Conclusion .. 348 XXIX. YEAR 4 OF THE REDEMPTION OF ISRAELPart IV of the Sabbath Years of 133/134 and 140/141 349 The Year of 350 The Two Eras for Bar Kochba (Kosiba) .. 352 Conclusion .. 356 SUMMATION .. 357 APPENDICESA Nefertem Tirhakah s Rise to Power .. 361B The Chronology of Tsawi Tirhakah .. 363C Letter from Placid Csizmazia .. 365D Seder Olam s Date for the Bar Kochba Revolt .. 367 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS .. 369 INDEX .. 387 INDEX FOR WORDS FROM ANCIENT LANGUAGES .. 405 INDEX FOR 407xiiIllustrationsCHARTSATHE FOUR Sabbath Cycle THEORIES .. 4 BSYSTEM A FROM 750 TO 150 .. 47 49 CKUSHITE RULERS OF EGYPT S DYNASTIES 25 & 26 .. 99 DTHE ROYAL FAMILY OF KUSH .. 101 ETHE ETHIOPIAN KING LIST .. 103 FSENNACHERIB S THIRD CAMPAIGN: 701 (PARALLEL ACCOUNTS).. 133 156 GMONTH EQUIVALENCY CHART.

10 179H149 150 SELEUCID: PARALLEL ACCOUNTS .. 191 203 ITHE CHRONOLOGY OF HEROD S REIGN .. 228 JCONSULS FROM TIBERIUS TO VESPASIAN .. 297 299 KTHE CHRONOLOGY OF THE BAR KOCHBA REVOLT .. 355 MAPSMap 1 PHOENICIA AND JUDAH: 701 .. 60 Map 2 EGYPT AND KUSH : 701 104 Map 3 THE NEAR EAST: 701 .. 115 FIGURESF igure 1 SCARAB OFTIRHAKAH PIANKHI .. 118 Figure 2 NOTE OF INDEBTEDNESS, YEAR 2 OF NERO .. 286 Figure 3 MUR24E .. 318 Figure 4 EXAMPLES OF COINS FROM THE SECOND REVOLT .. 338 Figure 5 FRAGMENTED DOCUMENT FOR YEAR 3 .. 346xiiiNote to Readerhis book has been assembled with the serious student of scriptural studiesin mind. Its objective is to familiarize its reader, not only with the argu-ments, both pro and con, with regard to the different Sabbath and Jubilee cy-cle theories but to provide detailed evidence demonstrating that knowledgeof the exact Cycle used by the ancient Israelites is attainable.