The State of - California Attorney General

1 The State ofHuman Trafficking inCalifornia2012 Kamala D. Harris, Attorney GeneralCalifornia Department of JusticeMessage from the Attorney General Five years ago, leaders from our State s law enforcement and vic-tim advocacy communities convened as the California Alliance to Combat Trafficking and Slavery Task Force. Their purpose was to evaluate the nature and extent of human trafficking in California and discuss how government and non-governmental organiza-tions could collaborate to develop an effective response. The Task Force published its first report, Human Trafficking in California , in October 2007. I was proud to participate in the Task Force as San Francisco s District Attorney and to represent the California District Attorneys much has changed since 2007.

2 The crime of human trafficking has evolved profoundly over the last five years. Transnational and domestic gangs have expanded from trafficking guns and drugs to trafficking human beings. The perpetrators of human trafficking have become more sophisticated and organized, requiring an equally sophisticated response from law en-forcement and its partners to disrupt and dismantle their networks. Another emerging trend is the adoption by traffickers of new technologies like social media to recruit victims, facilitate their crimes, and evade law enforcement. We also have the benefit of new legal tools, includ-ing California s groundbreaking anti-trafficking law, AB 22, which went into effect in 2006.

3 In light of these changed circumstances, as Attorney General of California , this year I convened a new anti-trafficking work group to reassess human trafficking in our State . I am pleased to present the results of their evaluation in the enclosed report, The State of Human Trafficking in California , 2012. The report reflects the work of representatives from law enforcement, vic-tim service providers, non-governmental organizations, technology companies, and academic institutions. This diverse team brought their expertise and perspectives to discuss the current landscape of human trafficking in California and to evaluate and propose innovative strategies to investigate and prosecute traffickers and assist victims.

4 I am proud to have convened this group, whose collective expertise and experience serves as the foundation for this report. I hope the report will generate further discussion and, most importantly, effective action to fight human trafficking in California . I hope you will read it, find value in it, and share it widely. Sincerely, Attorney General Kamala D. HarrisiiiHuman Trafficking 2012 Work Group The Attorney General s Human Trafficking Work Group is comprised of representatives of educational institutions, private entities, and a broad spectrum of law enforcement agencies, governmental agencies, victim service providers, and technology companies.

5 We want to acknowledge and thank the representatives of the following agencies and organizations for their insight, discussion, and contributions to this project:D Alameda County District Attorney s OfficeD Alameda County Medical CenterD Asian Pacific Islander Legal Outreach D Assemblymember Bob Blumenfield s OfficeD Bilateral Safety Corridor Coalition D California Coalition Against Sexual AssaultD California Department of Social Services, Refugee Programs BureauD California District Attorneys Association D California Emergency Management Agency D California Highway Patrol D California Partnership to End Domestic ViolenceD Central California Intelligence Center.

6 Sacramento Regional Threat Assess-ment CenterD Central Valley Against Human TraffickingD Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking (CAST)D Community Service ProgramsD Community Solutions, Congressman Dan Lungren s OfficeD Courage to Be You, HouseD Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Labor Standards EnforcementD The DNA (Demi & Ashton) FoundationD East Bay Human Trafficking Task ForceD End Violence Against Women InternationalD Facebook D Federal Bureau of Investigation Victim Assistance Program, Los Angeles Field OfficeD Fresno Coalition Against Human Trafficking D Fresno Economic Opportunities Commission, Sanctuary Youth Services D Fresno Police DepartmentD Futures Without ViolenceD Global Freedom CenterD Hayward Police DepartmentD Humanity UnitedD Inter-Tribal Council of CaliforniaD Joint Regional Intelligence Center.

7 Los AngelesD Los Angeles Metro Area Task Force on Human TraffickingD Los Angeles Police DepartmentD McGeorge School of Law D Microsoft CorporationD Narika D North Bay Human Trafficking Task ForceD North and Central California Anti- Trafficking TeamiiiD Northern California Regional Intelligence CenterD Oakland Mayor s OfficeD Oakland Police Department D Operation SafeHouseD Orange County Human Trafficking Task Force D Partners Ending Domestic AbuseD Riverside County Anti-Human Trafficking Task ForceD Riverside County District Attorney s OfficeD Riverside County Sheriff s DepartmentD Regional Threat assessment Center, Orange CountyD Regional Threat assessment Center, San DiegoD Sacramento County Public Defender s OfficeD Sacramento Innocence Lost Task Force D Sacramento Rescue and Restore Program.

8 Sacramento Employment & Training AgencyD Sacramento Sheriff s DepartmentD Safe Border Community Project/ACTION NetworkD San Diego County District Attorney s OfficeD San Diego County Human Trafficking Advisory CouncilD San Diego North County Human Trafficking Task ForceD San Diego Sheriff s DepartmentD San Francisco Asian Women s CenterD San Francisco Child Abuse Prevention CenterD San Francisco County Superior CourtD San Francisco District Attorney s OfficeD San Francisco Police DepartmentD San Joaquin College of LawD San Jose/South Bay Human Trafficking Task ForceD San Jose Police DepartmentD San Mateo County Sheriff s Department D San Mateo Police DepartmentD Standing Against Global Exploitation Project (SAGE)

9 D State Threat assessment CenterD Strong Hearted Native Women s CoalitionD University of Southern California Annenberg Center on Communication Leadership & Policy D Attorney s Office, Eastern District of CaliforniaD Attorney s Office, Northern Dis-trict of CaliforniaD Attorney s Office, Southern Dis-trict of CaliforniaD Equal Employment Opportunities Commission, Los Angeles District OfficeD Westminster Police DepartmentD Yolo County District Attorney s OfficeFor a list of the individuals on the Work Group, see Appendix Attorney General s Human Trafficking Special Project Team Kamala D. HarrisAttorney GeneralTravis LeBlanc Special Assistant Attorney General Larry Wallace Director, Division of Law EnforcementBenjamin Thomas Greer Human Trafficking Work Group Co-ChairNancy Matson Human Trafficking Work Group Co-Chair Patty O Ran Human Trafficking Work Group ManagerGrace Cotulla Legal Research InternScott Davidson Dyle Legal Research InternNafeh Malik Legal Research InternThe recommendations expressed in this report are based on research and input from the California Attorney General s Human Trafficking Work Group and the Attorney General s staff.

10 These recommen-dations should not be considered as representing the views of any agency or organization that participated in the Work Group. vviAcknowledgments This report benefits from the counsel and support of all the participants on the California Attorney General s Human Trafficking Work Group. Attorney General Kamala D. Harris is grateful for their contributions and commitment to combating human trafficking and supporting the victims of this crime. Attorney General Harris is grateful to Humanity United for its generous support of the Human Trafficking Leadership Symposium and this report. In addition, special thanks are extended to: Nicholas Sensley, Strategy and Development Consultant, Humanity United; Matthew Hawkins, Deputy Commander, California State Threat assessment Center; Mandy Larson (Johnson), gang Intelligence Analyst, California State Threat assessment Center; and, Sandra Fletcher, former Criminal Justice Specialist, Public Safety and Victim Services Division, California Emergency Management Agency.