The STM Report

1 Celebrating the 350th anniversary of journal publishing The STM Report An overview of scientific and scholarly journal publishing Mark Ware Michael Mabe Fourth Edition March 2015 Mark Ware Consulting International Association of Scientifific, Technical and Medical PublishersThe STM Report , Fourth Edition March 2015 2015 STM: International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical PublishersFourth Edition published March 2015; updated with minor revisions November 2015 Published byInternational Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers Prins Willem Alexanderhof 5, The Hague, 2595BE, The NetherlandsAbout STM STM is the leading global trade association for academic and professional publishers.

2 It has over 120 members in 21 countries who each year collectively publish nearly 66% of all journal articles and tens of thousands of monographs and reference works. STM members include learned societies, university presses, private companies, new starts and established Aims and Objectives to assist publishers and their authors in their activities in disseminating the results of research in the fields of science, technology and medicine; to assist national and international organisations and communications industries in the electronic environment, who are concerned with improving the dissemination, storage and retrieval of scientific, technical and medical information.

3 To carry out the foregoing work of the Association in conjunction with the International Publishers Association (IPA) and with the national publishers associations and such other governmental and professional bodies, international and national, who may be concerned with these participates in the development of information identification protocols and electronic copyright management systems. STM members are kept fully up to date (via newsletters, the STM website, and e-mail) about the issues which will ultimately affect their business.

4 STM organises seminars,training courses, and Ware Consulting provides publishing consultancy services to the STM and B2B sectors. For more information see summary! communication! research cycle! of scholarly communication! in scholarly communication system! journal! is a journal?! journals publishing cycle! channels and models! economics and market size! and articles numbers and trends! trends in scientific output! and readers! ! review! patterns! differences! and the Impact Factor! of journal publishing!

5 Behaviour, perceptions and attitudes! ethics! and licensing! term preservation! code! access to journals! access!88 The STM Report , Fourth Edition March 2015 of open access! access business models! of open access journal! open access! access via self-archiving ("Green" OA)! open access variants! ! access to scholarly books! access! and economic perspectives! developments in open access! and sustainability issues! of self-archiving on journals! access impacts on use! developments in scholarly communication!

6 Science or "Open Science"! and Science in Transition ! platforms and APIs! media! access and apps! data! web and semantic enrichment! article formats and features! and data mining! ! data & analytics! and disambiguation! management and analytics!150 The STM Report , Fourth Edition March 2015 ! publishing! Annotation! societies! services and tools! writing and sharing tools! notebook science! ! sources! organisations! statistics and trends! access! industry research and analysis! !163 The STM Report , Fourth Edition March 2015 5 Executive summaryScholarly communication and STM publishing takes place within the broader system of scholarly communication, which includes both formal and informal elements.

7 Scholarly communication plays different roles at different stages of the research cycle, and (like publishing) is undergoing technology-driven change. Categorising the modes of communication into one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many, and then into oral and written, provides a helpful framework for analysing the potential impacts of technology on scholarly communication (see page 12). form a core part of the process of scholarly communication and are an integral part of scientific research itself. Journals do not just disseminate information, they also provide a mechanism for the registration of the author s precedence; maintain quality through peer review and provide a fixed archival version for future reference.

8 They also provide an important way for scientists to navigate the ever-increasing volume of published material (page 16).The STM annual revenues generated from English-language STM journal publishing are estimated at about $10 billion in 2013, (up from $8 billion in 2008, representing a CAGR of about ), within a broader STM information publishing market worth some $ billion. About 55% of global STM revenues (including non-journal STM products) come from the USA, 28% from Europe/Middle East, 14% from Asia/Pacific and 4% from the rest of the world (page 23).

9 Industry employs an estimated 110,000 people globally, of which about 40% are employed in the EU. In addition, an estimated 20 30,000 full time employees are indirectly supported by the STM industry globally in addition to employment in the production supply chain (page 24). this Report focuses primarily on journals, the STM book market (worth about $5 billion annually) is evolving rapidly in a transition to digital publishing. Ebooks made up about 17% of the market in 2012 but are growing much faster than STM books and than the STM market as a whole (page 24).

10 Are estimated to be of the order of 5000 10,000 journal publishers globally, of which around 5000 are included in the Scopus database. The main English-language trade and professional associations for journal publishers collectively include about 650 publishers producing around 11,550 journals, that is, about 50% of the total journal output by title. Of these, some 480 publishers (73%) and about 2300 journals (20%) are not-for-profit (page 45). were about 28,100 active scholarly peer-reviewed English-language journals in late 2014 (plus a further 6450 non-English-language journals), collectively publishing about million articles a year.