Theories and Practices of Development

1 Theories and Practices of DevelopmentGlobal economic crisis and the implications of global environmentalchange have led academics and policy-makers to consider how Development in all parts of the world should be achieved. However, Development has always been a contested idea. While oftenpresented as a positive process to improve people s lives, thepotential negative dimensions of Development for people andenvironments must also be and Practices of Developmentprovides a clear and user-friendly introduction to the complex debates around howdevelopment has been understood and achieved.

2 The second editionhas been fully updated and expanded to reflect global political andeconomic shifts, as well as new approaches to Development . The riseof China and India is given particular attention, as is the globaleconomic crisis and its implications for Development Theories andpractice. There are new sections on faith-based Development , and thedevelopment dimensions of climate change, as well as greaterengagement with Development Theories as they are put into practicein the Global book deals with the evolution of Development ideas and policies,focusing on economic, political, social, environmental and spatialdimensions.

3 It highlights how Development cannot be considered as aneutral concept, but is entwined with inequalities in power at local,as well as national and global scales. The use of boxed examples,tables and illustrations helps students understand complex theoreticalideas and also demonstrates how Development Theories are put intopractice in the real world. Each chapter ends with a summary section,discussion topics, suggestions for further reading and Willisis Professor of Human Geography and Director of theCentre for Developing Areas Research at Royal Holloway,University of Perspectives on DevelopmentSeries Editor.

4 Professor Tony Binns, University of OtagoThePerspectives on Development series provides an invaluable, up to date andrefreshing approach to key Development issues for academics and studentsworking in the field of Development , in disciplines such as anthropology,economics, geography, international relations, politics and sociology. The serieswill also be of particular interest to those working in interdisciplinary fields,such as area studies (African, Asian and Latin American Studies), developmentstudies, rural and urban studies, travel and tourism.

5 If you would like to submit a book proposal for the series, please contact Tony Binns on World Cities, 2nd edition David W. Drakakis-SmithRural-Urban Interactions in the Developing WorldKenneth LynchEnvironmental Management and DevelopmentChris BarrowTourism and DevelopmentRichard Sharpley and David J. TelferSoutheast Asian DevelopmentAndrew McGregorPopulation and GouldPostcolonialism and DevelopmentCheryl McEwanConflict and DevelopmentAndrew Williams and Roger MacGintyDisaster and DevelopmentAndrew CollinsNon-Governmental Organisations and Development David Lewis and Nazneen KanjiCities and DevelopmentJo BeallGender and Development , 2nd editionJanet Henshall MomsenEconomics and Development StudiesMichael Tribe.

6 Frederick Nixson and Andrew SumnerWater Resources and DevelopmentClive Agnew and Philip WoodhouseTheories and Practices of Development , 2nd editionKatie WillisForthcoming:Global Finance and DevelopmentDavid HudsonAfrica: Diversity and DevelopmentTony Binns, Alan Dixon, and Etienne NelPolitics and DevelopmentHeather Marquette and Tom HewittFood and YoungNatural Resource ExtractionRoy Maconachie and Dr Gavin M. HilsonChildren, Youth and Development , 2nd editionNicola AnsellClimate Change and DevelopmentThomas Tanner and Leo Horn-PhathanothaiReligion and DevelopmentEmma TomalinDevelopment OrganizationsRebecca ShaafAn introduction to Sustainable Development , 4th editionJennifer ElliottTheories and Practices of DevelopmentSecond editionKatie Willis1111234156789110123145678111920123 4567893012345167894014211 First published 2005by Routledge2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon.

7 OX14 4 RNSimultaneously published in the USA and Canadaby Routledge270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Second edition 2011 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 2005, 2011 Katie WillisThe right of Katie Willis to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloguing in Publication DataWillis, Katie, 1968.

8 Theories and Practices of Development /Katie Willis. [2nd ed.]p. ed. of: Theories and Practices of Development . bibliographical references and Economic Development . 2. Economic Development Social Economic Development Political aspects. I. dc222010035279 ISBN: 978 0 415 59070 9 (hbk)ISBN: 978 0 415 59071 6 (pbk)ISBN: 978 0 203 84418 2 (ebk)This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge scollection of thousands of eBooks please go to 0-203-84418-1 Master e-book ISBNC ontentsList of platesviList of figuresviiiList of tablesixList of boxesxiAcknowledgementsxiiiList of acronymsxv1 introduction : what do we mean by Development ?

9 12 Modernization, Keynesianism and neoliberalism363 Structuralism, neo-Marxism and socialism704 Grassroots development1035 Social and cultural dimensions of development1296 Environment and Development theory1647 Globalization and Development : problems and solutions? Dutch Church, Melaka, n, mission church, San Juan Bautista, stores, West Pokot District, Dam, Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, school project, Mulanje, housing block, Moscow, at Mao Mausoleum, District, Morales and supporters, La Paz, house, informal settlement, Oaxaca City, seller, Aleppo, irrigation scheme, demonstration, Ormoc City, Leyte Island, market, to a Bunun Community Site in Eastern Mosque, packing plant, sellers, Essaouira, diversity march, Oaxaca City, road bridge, Ortum.

10 And burn agriculture, ship, Aralsk, tree nursery, Marich, north-west against charcoal production, Mulanje, housing, Melaka, facilities, Petra, park, Wuxi, branch, Bangalore, selling Chinese-produced imported goods, Meatu district, murals, Santa Cruz, for female beauty salon staff, advertizing M-PESA, Eldoret, Global influences, and capitalist influences, Hong Kong226111123415678911012314567811192012 34567893012345167894014211 Plates Bank income classifications, Development Indicators, levels by region, extent of European colonialism in Africa, s stages of economic per capita growth rates for selected Latin American and Asian countries, 1950 growth rates by world growth and income inequality, 1965 periphery relationships under , semi-periphery and periphery, s Special Economic Zones, share of the labour force in Latin America, 1980 aged 65 and above by global region, 2005 and predicted for of population living at or below the poverty line by age, South Africa.