This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier ...

1 Contents Preface .. xiii About the Computer Programs .. xvii List of Primary Symbols Used in Text .. xix 1. Introduction .. 1. Foundations: Their Importance and Purpose .. 1. Foundation Engineering .. 1. Foundations: Classifications and Select Definitions .. 3. Foundations: General Requirements .. 6. Foundations: Additional Considerations .. 7. Foundations: Selection of Type .. 9. The International System of Units (SI) and the Foot-pound-second (Fps) System .. 9. Computational Accuracy versus design Precision .. 12. Computer Programs in Foundation Analysis and design .. 13.

2 2. Geotechnical and Index Properties: Laboratory Testing;. Settlement and Strength Correlations .. 15. Introduction .. 15. Foundation Subsoils .. 16. Soil Volume and Density Relationships .. 17. Major Factors That Affect the Engineering Properties of Soils .. 21. Routine Laboratory Index Soil Tests .. 24. This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation . v vi Contents Soil Classification Methods in Foundation design .. 29. Soil Material Classification Terms .. 35. In Situ Stresses and Ko Conditions .. 39. Soil Water; Soil Hydraulics .. 46. Consolidation Principles.

3 56. Shear Strength .. 90. Sensitivity and Thixotropy .. 112. Stress Paths .. 113. Elastic Properties of Soil .. 121. Isotropic and Anisotropic Soil Masses .. 127. Problems .. 131. 3. Exploration, Sampling, and In Situ Soil Measurements .. 135. Data Required .. 135. Methods of Exploration .. 136. Planning the Exploration Program .. 137. Soil Boring .. 141. Soil Sampling .. 145. Underwater Sampling .. 152. The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) .. 154. SPT Correlations .. 162. design N Values .. 165. Other Penetration Test Methods .. 166. Cone Penetration Test (CPT) .. 167. Field Vane Shear Testing (FVST).

4 183. The Borehole Shear Test (BST) .. 189. The Flat Dilatometer Test (DMT) .. 190. The Pressuremeter Test (PMT) .. 194. Other Methods for In Situ Ko .. 198. Rock Sampling .. 202. Groundwater Table (GWT) Location .. 204. Number and Depth of Borings .. 205. This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation . Contents vii Drilling and/or Exploration of Closed Landfills or Hazardous Waste Sites .. 206. The Soil Report .. 206. Problems .. 210. 4. Bearing Capacity of Foundations .. 213. Introduction .. 213. Bearing Capacity .. 214. Bearing-capacity Equations.

5 219. Additional Considerations When Using the Bearing-capacity Equations .. 228. Bearing-capacity Examples .. 231. Footings with Eccentric or Inclined Loadings .. 236. Effect of Water Table on Bearing Capacity .. 249. Bearing Capacity for Footings on Layered Soils .. 251. Bearing Capacity of Footings on Slopes .. 258. Bearing Capacity from SPT .. 263. Bearing Capacity Using the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) .. 266. Bearing Capacity from Field Load Tests .. 267. Bearing Capacity of Foundations with Uplift or Tension Forces .. 270. Bearing Capacity Based on Building Codes (Presumptive Pressure).

6 274. Safety Factors in Foundation design .. 275. Bearing Capacity of Rock .. 277. Problems .. 280. 5. Foundation Settlements .. 284. The Settlement Problem .. 284. Stresses in Soil Mass Due to Footing Pressure .. 286. The Boussinesq Method For qv .. 287. Special Loading Cases for Boussinesq Solutions .. 296. Westergaard's Method for Computing Soil Pressures .. 301. Immediate Settlement Computations .. 303. Rotation of Bases .. 310. This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation . viii Contents Immediate Settlements: Other Considerations .. 313. Size Effects on Settlements and Bearing Capacity.

7 316. Alternative Methods of Computing Elastic Settlements .. 323. Stresses and Displacements in Layered and Anisotropic Soils .. 326. Consolidation Settlements .. 329. Reliability of Settlement Computations .. 337. Structures on Fills .. 337. Structural Tolerance to Settlement and Differential Settlements .. 338. General Comments on Settlements .. 340. Problems .. 341. 6. Improving Site Soils for Foundation Use .. 344. Introduction .. 344. Lightweight and Structural Fills .. 346. Compaction .. 347. Soil-cement, Lime, and Fly Ash .. 351. Precompression to Improve Site Soils.

8 352. Drainage Using Sand Blankets and Drains .. 353. Sand Columns to Increase Soil Stiffness .. 356. Stone Columns .. 358. Soil-cement Piles/Columns .. 360. Jet Grouting .. 363. Foundation Grouting and Chemical Stabilization .. 364. Vibratory Methods to Increase Soil Density .. 365. Use of Geotextiles to Improve Soil .. 367. Altering Groundwater Conditions .. 368. Problems .. 369. 7. Factors to Consider in Foundation design .. 370. Footing Depth and Spacing .. 370. Displaced Soil Effects .. 373. Net versus Gross Soil Pressure: design Soil Pressures .. 373. This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation .

9 Contents ix Erosion Problems for Structures Adjacent to Flowing Water .. 375. Corrosion Protection .. 376. Water Table Fluctuation .. 376. Foundations in Sand and Silt Deposits .. 377. Foundations on Loess and Other Collapsible Soils .. 378. Foundations on Unsaturated Soils Subject to Volume Change with Change in Water Content .. 380. Foundations on Clays and Clayey Silts .. 395. Foundations on Residual Soils .. 397. Foundations on Sanitary Landfill Sites .. 397. Frost Depth and Foundations on Permafrost .. 399. Environmental Considerations .. 400. Problems .. 401. 8. Spread Footing design .

10 403. Footings: Classification and Purpose .. 403. Allowable Soil Pressures in Spread Footing design .. 404. Assumptions Used in Footing design .. 405. Reinforced-concrete design : USD .. 406. Structural design of Spread Footings .. 411. Bearing Plates and Anchor Bolts .. 425. Pedestals .. 433. Base Plate design with Overturning Moments .. 437. Rectangular Footings .. 445. Eccentrically Loaded Spread Footings .. 449. Unsymmetrical Footings .. 465. Wall Footings and Footings for Residential Construction .. 466. Problems .. 469. 9. Special Footings and Beams on Elastic Foundations.