TIEMPOS VERBALES Y SUS USOS - ipepgranada.es

1 TIEMPOS VERBALES Y SUS usos PRESENTE simple : Forma: I/you/we/they live. He/she/it lives. Do you live here? Does he live here? I don't live here. She doesn't live here. Uso: Para un estado de cosas, no limitado por el tiempo. She lives in Chelsea. He knows a lot about cars. Para una rutina, o h bito. They get up every morning at eight. He always comes late. Para cosas que son siempre verdad. Water freezes at zero degrees centigrade. Adverbios de Frecuencia: Nos dicen con cuanta frecuencia sucede algo. Los m s frecuentes son: always (siempre), usually (normalmente), often (a menudo), sometimes (algunas veces), rarely (raramente), seldom (apenas), never (nunca). Se colocan delante del verbo de una oraci n. Cuando el tiempo verbal tiene un auxiliar, se coloca entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal.

2 We always have steak for dinner on I have never seen a poisonous snake. Se colocan detr s del verbo to be. He is usually here at this time. Usually, often y sometimes se pueden poner tambi n al principio y al final de la oraci n. Sometimes I wonder why I talk to you at all! PRESENTE CONTINUO: Forma: You/we/they are waiting. He/she/it is waiting. I am waiting. Are they waiting? Is she waiting? Am I waiting? She isn't waiting. They aren't waiting. I am not waiting. Uso: Para algo que est ocurriendo en momento en que se habla. I'm reading a book now. Para un estado de cosas al que se le da la idea de que es s lo temporal. He is living with relatives at the moment. Para algo que ocurrir en el futuro, sobre todo si es algo planeado de antemano, algo que se pueda escribir en una agenda, por ejemplo.

3 Se usa con frecuencia con verbos de movimiento como come y go. A menudo se emplea una expresi n de tiempo para dejar claro el sentido. Para este uso tambi n se usa la forma GOING TO (ver m s abajo). What are you doing on Saturday? I'm going to France this summer. VERBOS QUE NO SE USAN NORMALMENTE EN TIEMPOS CONTINUOS: Algunos verbos que normalmente no pueden usarse en TIEMPOS continuos, sino solamente en sus formas simples, son: Know, understand, believe, think y verbos con significados similares. Own, cost, belong to, contain, depend y verbos similares. Verbos de percepci n f sica tales como see, hear y smell, se usan a menudo con can y could. PASADO simple : Forma: Regular I/you/he/she/it/we/they decided. Did he decide? They didn't decide.

4 Irregular I/you/he/she/it/we/they left. Did she leave? We didn't leave. Uso: Para un suceso terminado en el pasado. I bought a new bike last week. Cuando se est narrando algo en el pasado o alguna historia. We left New York and flew to Chicago. Para expresar h bitos en el pasado. I usually went to the cinema every Saturday. PASADO CONTINUO: Forma: I/he/she/it was eating. We/you/they were eating. Was he eating? Were they eating? I wasn't eating. We weren't eating. Uso: Para una acci n larga y no terminada, en contraste con una repentina y terminada, que ir a en pasado simple . Esta ltima supone muchas veces una interrupci n de la que va en pasado continuo. While I was cooking the dinner, the phone rang. Para la acci n de fondo mientras se est contando una historia, en contraste con los hechos m s importantes de sta, que ir an en pasado simple .

5 A lot of people were standing outside, shouting. Some of them were waving banners. I parked the car and watched. Nota: NO se usa para describir h bitos en el pasado. USED TO: Forma: I/you/he/she/it/we/they used to play tennis. Did you use to play? Used you to play? I didn't use to play I usedn't to play. Uso: Used to se refiere al pasado y NO tiene forma de presente. Describe una acci n habitual en el pasado que en el presente suele estar terminada. I used to play tennis, but I don't have the time now. I didn't use to like jazz, but now I do. PRESENT PERFECT simple : Forma: I/you/we/they have decided. He/she/it has decided. Have you decided? Has she decided? I haven't decided. She hasn't decided. Uso: Para un estado de cosas que empez en el pasado y contin a hasta el presente.

6 How long have you known him? I've known him for twenty years. I've known him since 1987. Nota: for + periodo de tiempo. since + principio del periodo. Para un suceso en el pasado que no se dice cuando tuvo lugar. I've visited Rome twice. Para un suceso indefinido que creemos que es muy reciente. The shop on the corner has closed. Cuando el resultado de un suceso est todav a presente. The electricity has gone off. = The lights are still out. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUO: Forma: I/you/we/they have been working. He/she/it has been working. Have you been working? Has she been working? He hasn't been working. They haven't been working. Uso: Para sugerir que una acci n que empez en el pasado s lo acaba de terminar o puede que contin e. I've been cleaning the house all day.

7 I'm still holding the broom. Para mostrar la duraci n de la acci n que empez en el pasado. I've been waiting for you for hours. Para mostrar que algo no se ha completado. Comparad: I've been reading that book you lent me. (no acabado). I've read that book you lent me. (acabado) Para mostrar una actividad repetida. I've been going to the theatre a lot lately. PAST PERFECT simple : Forma: I/you/he/she/it/we/they had worked. Had he worked? He hadn't worked. Uso: Para una acci n que sucedi en el pasado anterior a otra acci n tambi n en el pasado. I asked her to do the shopping, but she had done it already. He told several jokes, but I had heard them all before. She went downstairs to get the post, but it hadn't arrived yet. PAST PERFECT CONTINUO: Forma: I/You/he/she/it/we/they had been driving for six months.

8 Had he been driving for six months? He hadn't been driving for six months. Uso: Sustituye al Present Perfect continuo cuando las acciones se refieren s lo al pasado. Arthur is tired because he has been studying very hard. Arthur was tired because he had been studying very hard. En proposiciones subordinadas de tiempo. After Arthur had been driving for six months, he found it quite easy. En estilo indirecto (para contar lo que alguien nos dijo). 'Have you been studying long?', he asked me. He asked me if I had been studying long. FORMAS DE EXPRESAR TIEMPO FUTURO WILL: Forma: I/you/he/she/it/we/they will stay. Will she stay? He will not stay. Contracciones: 'll = will won't = will not. Nota: Shall puede usarse con I y we, pero no es muy usual para referirse al tiempo futuro.

9 Se suele usar m s para hacer ofertas y sugerencias. Shall I write the letter for you? (oferta) Shall we go to the cinema? (sugerencia) Uso: Para hacer una predicci n. I think it will rain tomorrow. Soon there won't be any oil left. Otros usos (no necesariamente sobre el futuro): Para tomar una decisi n sobre el presente. I'll take this one. (Por ejemplo cuando uno decide comprar algo en una tienda) Para hacer una promesa. I'll pay you back the money on tuesday. Para expresar un determinado acuerdo. I'll see you tomorrow. Para preguntar a alguien si quiere hacer algo. Mary, will you marry me? GOING TO: Forma: I am going to drink a glass of water. You/we/they are going to drink a glass of water. He/she/it is going to drink a glass of water. Am I going to drink a glass of water?

10 Are you/we/they going to drink a glass of water? Is he/she/it going to drink a glass of water? I'm not going to drink a glass of water. You/we/they aren't going to drink a glass of water. He/she/it isn't going to drink a glass of water. Uso: Para expresar un plan o una intenci n. They're going to buy a house in Leeds. Para hacer una predicci n basada en el principio o causa del suceso. Look at that crazy driver! He is going to crash! FUTURO CONTINUO: Forma: I/you/he/she/it/we/they will be leaving. I/we shall be leaving. I won't be leaving. Will she be leaving? Uso: Para una acci n temporal (como en el presente continuo) pero referida a un momento del futuro. At the moment I am working in my office. (presente) This time next week I'll be lying on the beach.