Timber Frame v10 - Design for Homes

1 March 1998 British Gypsum Guide toTimber Frame ConstructionTimber Frame ConstructionTimber Frame construction has acenturies long tradition in theUK, however, over the last 80years it has continuously evolvedto meet the challenges ofchanging Regulations andexpectations. Currently, the UKpopulation of modern timberframe dwellings is around1 million and the number isgrowing. Non housingapplications such as hotels,nursing Homes , schools, andcommunity buildings, nowaccount for over 30% of the UKTimber Frame Industry Gypsum products are widely specified withintimber Frame buildings to form internal include linings to external walls,partitions, ceilings, separating and compartmentfloors, cavity barriers and ceilings below roof Frame ConstructionContentsIntroduction4 Components5 Applications6 Performance8 Performance tables9 Design15 Construction details17 Board fixing on site263 Timber Frame ConstructionYour attention is brought to the following publications whichgive approved Handling Guidance on RegulationsISBN 0 11 886335 Construction for Health and Safety ACOPISBN 0 7 7176 0792 Guide to Managing Health and Safety in ConstructionISBN 0 7176 0755 for Health and Safety in ConstructionISBN 0 7176 0807 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health in theConstruction Industry ISBN 0 11 885526 GypsumBritish Gypsum operates quality assurance procedures toBS EN ISO 9002, and maintains the quality and leading edgeperformance of its products and systems through anextensive and on going programme of research,development, and testing.

2 This is supported by in house fire,acoustic, and system test facilities which are unique amongbuilding manufacturers, and match the best availableanywhere in the & BrickThe Timber & Brick Quality Mark is a Quality Managementand Product Conformity Scheme, which establishes abenchmark of good practice for designers and manufacturersof Timber framed buildings. It is based upon the systemrequirements of ISO 9000, and the technical requirements ofBuilding Regulations together with relevant British, Europeanand Warrantors' Standards. There are two parts to thescheme covering both Design and can now procure Timber framed buildings safe inthe knowledge that the companies they are approachinghave all been through a rigorous third party certificationprocess before being awarded their Certificate ofRegistration. In addition they are assured that on goingsurveillance is taking place to make sure that the highstandards established at the initial registration stage arebeing benefits of the Timber & Brick Quality Mark are onlyavailable from Timber Frame Design and manufacturermembers of Timber & Brick.

3 A full list of members is availablefrom The Timber & Brick Information Council on01923 778136 IntroductionTimber framed construction is being increasingly adopted bya wide range of client groups because of its contribution toenergy efficiency. Typical applications range from privatedwellings through to hotels, nursing Homes , and Timber Frame buildings, British Gypsum products areextensively used to form the internal elements. They provideexternal wall linings, partitions, separating andcompartment walls, ceiling linings, compartment floors,cavity barriers, and ceilings below roof spaces. Linings rangefrom basic Gyproc Wallboard where economical spacedivision is required, through to specialist boards such asGyproc Wallboard Duplex, Moisture Resistant Board, Plank,Duraline, SoundBloc, Fireline, and Glasroc Multi-Board,chosen to achieve specified performance lightweight nature of plasterboard and its speed ofinstallation are ideally suited to Timber Frame buildingmethods. This, coupled with completely dry constructiontechniques and the high standards of finishing that arepossible, mean that British Gypsum products provideextremely cost-effective internal lining Gypsum linings/elements conform to :BS 1230: Part 1: 1985 Specification for plasterboard excludingmaterials submitted to secondary Certificate No.

4 90/2541: Glasroc 5234: Parts 1 & 2: 1993 Code of Practice: Internalnon-loadbearing Gypsum standard plasterboard linings are notgenerally suitable for use in areas subject to continuouslydamp or humid conditions. In such applications the designershould consider the use of specialist boards or treatments. Forfurther details contact British Gypsum Technical ServiceDepartment on 0990 Timber with a moisture content not exceeding thatrecommended in BS 5268: Part 2: 1991 and BS 4978: 1988should be used and storageBritish Gypsum fully accepts its responsibilities as a supplier ofbuilding materials and systems as required by Section 6 of theHealth and Safety at Work Act 1974. However, in designingand installing systems incorporating British Gypsum products,full consideration must be taken of the requirements of thefollowing :1 Manual Handling Operations Regulations ( Design and Management) Regulations of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations1988 (COSHH).4 Timber Frame Construction5 ComponentsGyproc and Glasroc boards dataTable 1 DimensionsType of , Wallboard , , 15900, 1200 Plank19600 Moisture Resistant , , , , 15900, 1200 Fireline , 10, / Baseboard , and Glasroc boards descriptionWallboard / Wallboard DuplexStandard board product suitable for directdecoration or gypsum plaster Duplex is backed with a vapour controlmembrane for use where a vapour control layer thick version of Wallboard which providesadditional massMoisture Resistant BoardSilicone treated core and water repellent greenpaper liner.

5 Suitable as a base for ceramic tiling inwet use areas, and for external soffits in higher mass core with a heavy dutymustard coloured liner. Provides a high impactresistance wall and partition density core with a pale blue liner. Suitable forwall linings and partitions where greater levels ofsound insulation are / Fireline DuplexPink coloured liner. Glass fibre and other additives inthe core to provide increased fire Duplex is backed with a vapour controlmembrane for use where a vapour control layer Multi BoardNon combustible glass reinforced gypsum excellent fire protection properties andhigh impact resistance. Ideal for curved / Baseboard DuplexGrey faced board suitable for lining Timber joists,studs, and battens as a base for gypsum Duplex is backed with a vapour controlmembrane for use where a vapour control layer faced ceiling board suitable for gypsum Nails - 30, 40, 50, and 65mm, fixing boards to Drywall Screws - 32, 36, 42, 50, and 60mm, fixingboards to framing as an alternative to General Purpose Roll (1000) orIsowool Acoustic Partition Roll (1200) - providing acousticand thermal insulation in partitions, walls, roofs, and Timber Frame Batts (1005) - providing thermaland acoustic insulation in external Sound Deadening Floor Slabs (6405) - providingsound deadening in Timber -base intermediate Flanged Rolls (1012) and (1022) - paper-faced andaluminium-faced products respectively for Sleeved Cavity Fire Barrier - fire Resilient Bar - for partially isolating the lining fromthe framing for improved sound Sealant (optional)

6 - sealing jointing materials - for a seamless finish, including:Joint Tape - perforated paper tape for joint - self-adhesive glass fibre mesh Filler - tape bedding and filling - tape bedding, bulk filling, and Cement - joint finishing (hand or mechanical).Glasroc Filler - bulk filling joints in Glasroc Primer - priming the lining surface ready Sealer - priming and sealing the lining surfaceto provide vapour Multi-Finish or Thistle Board Finish - providing aplaster finish to the decorative face as an alternative to Frame ConstructionApplicationsInternal partitions and wallsTimber stud partitions and walls are used in both new-buildand general refurbishment. Timber stud separating andcompartment walls are primarily specified as sound resistingwalls in residential units such as flats and apartments to meetthe sound insulation requirements of national BuildingRegulations. The partitions and walls are constructed fromtimber sections nail-fixed to provide a suitable single stud ortwin stud framework.

7 Gyproc or Glasroc boards are nail orscrew-fixed to each side to form the lining. Isowool insulationwill improve sound insulation if included in the stud to Tables 2 and wallsGyproc plasterboards are used as the internal lining to structuraltimber Frame walls. The external wall is based on a structuraltimber Frame comprising factory-produced Timber units towhich sheathing board and a breather membrane is Frame is tied to the external brick leaf using flexible wallties. Alternative claddings, such as tile hanging and timbercladding, are fixed directly to the Timber Frame . Isowool glassmineral wool insulation is included in the stud cavity, andGyproc plasterboard forms the internal lining. Refer toTable and ceilingsGyproc plasterboards are fixed to Timber joists to form ceilinglinings in both new-build and general refurbishment. Theycomprise one or two layers of board which are nail orscrew-fixed to the Timber joist supports. Isowool glass mineralwool insulation will improve the thermal and soundinsulation.

8 Compartment floors are primarily specified assound resisting floors in residential units such as flats andapartments to meet the sound insulation requirements ofnational Building Regulations. They combine a plasterboardceiling lining, Isowool insulation in the floor cavity, and aplatform or Gyproc SI Floor to give the required airborne andimpact sound performance. Refer to Tables 5 and plasterboard is used to line the underside oftraditional or trussed roof rafters to provide a ceilingmembrane with Isowool glass mineral wool insulation laidover the membrane to provide sound / thermal Gyplyner or Gyproc MF Suspended Ceiling can be usedwhere a reduced height ceiling is required. Refer to Table barriersNational Building Regulations require that concealed spacesin the structure or fabric of a building are sub-divided orsealed by means of cavity barriers or fire stopping. Suitablecavity barriers can be formed using Gyproc Fireline or GlasrocMulti-Board of appropriate thickness. Isowool Sleeved CavityFire Barrier can provide fire stopping.

9 Refer to Table interiorsTimber Frame Construction7 Energy efficient private housingPeriod style private housingCommunity housing for the elderlyPrivate flats developmentStone-faced environmentally conscious developmentTimber Frame ConstructionPerformanceFire protectionPlasterboard is designated a 'material of limitedcombustibility' within the Building Regulations 1991. Theplasterboard surfaces achieve a Class 0 rating as a result oftheir performance when tested to BS 476: Parts 6 and Multi-Board is non-combustible when tested toBS 476: Part 4: resistanceThe fire resistances given in Tables 2 - 8 are for imperforateconstructions tested to BS 476: Part 8: 1972, or BS 476:Part 22: 1987, or are assessments based on these insulationThe Rw ratings given in Tables 2 8 are for imperforateconstructions and have been calculated in accordance withBS 5821: Part 1: 1984, using measurements from laboratorytests to BS 2750: Part 3 : 1980, or estimates where direct testdata is not is essential for optimum sound insulation.

10 Whilemost junctions will be sealed by standard jointing materials,gaps at the base of the partition or lining, at the perimeter ofthe floor / ceiling, and other small airpaths, can be sealedusing Gyproc laboratory sound insulation data quoted was measured inthe absence of flanking transmission. The actual performanceof the building element will generally be governed byflanking vapour controlWhere there is a requirement for a vapour control layer,Duplex grade boards should be specified as the face layer ( outer layer in double layer linings). The application oftwo coats of Gyproc Drywall Sealer to the face lining will alsoprovide vapour propertiesIsowool glass mineral wool insulation is positioned betweenjoists or wall studs to provide the required level of thermalinsulation. The U values given in Table 4 for external wallconstructions are based on a non-combustible glass mineralwool quilt being provided in the stud cavity. The use of 90mmIsowool Timber Frame Batts 1005 in conjunction with astandard 89mm stud framework can provide a U value downto The use of 140mm studs with the samethickness of Isowool 1005 can provide a U value down designsTimber Frame Construction PerformanceTable 2 Timber stud partitions and walls with Gyproc liningsOne layer of board each sideOne layer of board eachTwo layers of board each sideRemedial treatment on oneof Timber studs at 600mmside of Timber studs atof Timber studs at 600mmside of existing centres with one using 50 x 50mmfixed to Gyproc Resilient Barstimber battens at 400mmto one side plus 25mmcentres with 50mm IsowoolIsowool 1200 in the between GyprocResilient Bar fixed horizontallyand two layers of Laboratory sound insulationPerformancethicknesspartitionw eightresistance 100 3150 HzsubstantiationthicknessNo insulation 25mmreportIsowool 1200 mmmmkg/m2hoursRw dBRw Board68715 34 3536A026001 / 36 Q0260211 Wallboard1510523